AFAA Personal Trainer Certification Study Guide with 100% Complete Solutions.

AFAA Personal Trainer Certification Study Guide with 100% Complete Solutions. Myocardial Infarction - answerHear attack occurs due to lack of blood flow through the coronary arteries to the heart muscle Ischemia - answerlack of blood flow Stroke Volume - answerthe amount of blood pumped with each beat or systole Cardiac Output - answerheart rate x stroke volume. usually measured in liters (or milileters) of blood pumped per minute Venous Return - answerThe amount of blood returned to the heart by the veins Valsalva Maneuver - answeroccurs when a person holds his or her breath during a strenuous activity, such as lifting weights or shoveling snow Minute Ventilation - answertotal amount of air breathed per minute Residual lung volume - answeramount of air remaining in the lungs after a complete and total forced exhale Forced vital capacity - answeramount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a maximal inahle Total lung capacity - answersum of the residual volume and the forced vital capacity Glucose - answerbody's usable form of carbohydrate Lactic Acid - answerproduced in muscles during rapid exercise when the body cannot supply enough oxygen to the tissues Glycolysis - answera metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars through a series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and release energy for the body in the form of ATP Mitochondria - answera subcellular structure where oxidation takes place Beta oxidation - answerA metabolic sequence that breaks fatty acids down to two-carbon fragments that enter the citric acid cycle as acetyl CoA. Krebs cycle - answerthe acetyl CoA formed in the first component of aerobic metabolism enters into the citric acid cycle Electron transport system - answerthe final sequence of reactions in the aerobic production of ATP Maximal oxygen uptake - answerthe maximum amount of oxygen consumed and utilized by the body during an all-out effort to exhaustion Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption - answeradditional oxygen consumed immediately after an exercise bout when the body is no longer exercising Sarcomere - answereach section of a myofibril in muscle Actin - answerstructural protein that makes up the thin filaments of myofibrils; functions in muscle contraction Anatomical Position - answerstanding position with hands down and palms facing forward Supine - answerlying on the spine Prone - answerlying face down Axial Skeleton - answerpart of the skeleton that contains skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum Synovial joints - answerhave a small space between the articulating bones that allows for a greater range of motion Cartilage - answera white, semi-opaque, fibrous connective tissue that cushions the joints and prevents wear on the joint surfaces Synovial membrane - answersecretes synovial fluid which provides nourishment, lubrication, and hydrotastic cushioning for the joint Bursae - answerliquid-filled membranes that protect soft tissues as they pass by bony projections Ligament - answerband of fibrous tissue that con