1- A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who has metabolic alkalosis. Which of the
following laboratory values should the nurse expect?
A. pH 7.31, HCO3- 22 mEq/L, PaCO2 50 mmHg
B. pH 7.48, HCO3- 23 mEq/L, PaCO2 25 mmHg
C. pH 7.32, HCO3- 18 mEq/L, PaCO2 40 mmHg
D. pH 7.49, HCO3- 32 mEq/L, PaCO2 40 mmHg
2- A nurse in the emergency department is assessing a client who has deep, rapid respirations. Arterial
blood gas analysis includes the following values: pH 7.25, PaCO2 40, and HCO3- 18. Which of the
following acid-base imbalances should the nurse identify and report to the provider?
A. Respiratory alkalosis
B. Metabolic alkalosis
C. Respiratory acidosis
D. Metabolic acidosis
3- A nurse is caring for a client who is extremely anxious and is hyperventilating. The client's ABG
results are pH 7.50, PaCO2 27 mmHg, and HCO3- 25 mEq/L. The nurse should identify that the client
has which of the following acid-base imbalances?
A. Respiratory acidosis
B. Metabolic acidosis
C. Respiratory alkalosis
D. Metabolic alkalosis
4- A nurse is caring for an older adult client who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
with pneumonia. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following acid-base
imbalances?
A. Respiratory alkalosis
B. Respiratory acidosis
C. Metabolic alkalosis
D. Metabolic acidosis
5- A nurse is reviewing a client’s laboratory report. The client’s ABG levels are pH 7.5, PaCO2 32 mmHg,
and HCO3- 24 mEq/L. The nurse should determine that the client has which of the following acid-base
imbalances?
A. Respiratory alkalosis
B. Metabolic acidosis
,C. Respiratory acidosis
D. Metabolic alkalosis
6- A nurse is rewarming a client following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. For which of
the following complications of the rewarming process should the nurse monitor the client?
A. Acidosis
B. Infection
C. Hypertension
D. Cardiac tamponade
7- A nurse is reviewing laboratory findings of an adolescent who has acute renal failure. Which of the
following findings should the nurse expect?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hypercalcemia
C. Decreased plasma creatinine level
D. Metabolic acidosis
8- A nurse is caring for a client who has emphysema and chronic respiratory acidosis. The nurse should
monitor the client for which of the following electrolyte imbalances?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hyponatremia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypomagnesemia
9- A nurse is assessing a client who is 12 hr postoperative following an open cholecystectomy. Which
of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
A. Hypoactive bowel sounds
B. Indwelling urinary catheter output of 25 mL/hr (The nurse should report a urinary output of <30
mL/hr to the provider, as this can indicate hypovolemia or renal complication)
C. Heart rate of 96/min
D. Serous drainage at the surgical incision site
10- A nurse is reviewing the laboratory report of a client who has chronic kidney disease (CKD). The
nurse finds the following laboratory test results: potassium 6.8 mEq/L, calcium 7.4 mg/dL, hemoglobin
10.2 g/dL, and phosphate 4.8 mg/dL. Which finding is the priority for the nurse to report to the
provider?
A. Hypocalcemia
, B. Hyperkalemia
C. Anemia
D. Hypoalbuminemia
11- A nurse is providing dietary teaching a client who has late-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Which of the following nutrients should the nurse instruct the client to increase in her diet?
A. Calcium (CKD can develop hypocalcemia)
B. Phosphorous
C. Potassium
D. Sodium
12- A nurse is checking the laboratory values of a client who has chronic kidney disease. The nurse
should expect elevations in which of the following values?
A. Potassium and magnesium (CKD pte have hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hypermagnesemia)
B. Calcium and bicarbonate
C. Hemoglobin and hematocrit
D. Arterial pH and PaCO2
13- A nurse is caring for a client who has chronic glomerulonephritis with oliguria. For which of the
following electrolyte imbalances should the nurse monitor?
A. Hypercalcemia
B. Hyperkalemia (glomerulonephritis causes potassium retentation)
C. Hypomagnesemia
D. Hypophosphatemia
14- A nurse is caring for a client who has emphysema and chronic respiratory acidosis. The nurse
should monitor the client for which of the following electrolyte imbalances?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hyponatremia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypomagnesemia
15- A nurse is reviewing the laboratory findings of a client who has chronic kidney disease. The client
reports significant persistent nausea and muscle weakness. Which of the following findings should the
nurse expect?
A. Hypernatremia
following laboratory values should the nurse expect?
A. pH 7.31, HCO3- 22 mEq/L, PaCO2 50 mmHg
B. pH 7.48, HCO3- 23 mEq/L, PaCO2 25 mmHg
C. pH 7.32, HCO3- 18 mEq/L, PaCO2 40 mmHg
D. pH 7.49, HCO3- 32 mEq/L, PaCO2 40 mmHg
2- A nurse in the emergency department is assessing a client who has deep, rapid respirations. Arterial
blood gas analysis includes the following values: pH 7.25, PaCO2 40, and HCO3- 18. Which of the
following acid-base imbalances should the nurse identify and report to the provider?
A. Respiratory alkalosis
B. Metabolic alkalosis
C. Respiratory acidosis
D. Metabolic acidosis
3- A nurse is caring for a client who is extremely anxious and is hyperventilating. The client's ABG
results are pH 7.50, PaCO2 27 mmHg, and HCO3- 25 mEq/L. The nurse should identify that the client
has which of the following acid-base imbalances?
A. Respiratory acidosis
B. Metabolic acidosis
C. Respiratory alkalosis
D. Metabolic alkalosis
4- A nurse is caring for an older adult client who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
with pneumonia. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following acid-base
imbalances?
A. Respiratory alkalosis
B. Respiratory acidosis
C. Metabolic alkalosis
D. Metabolic acidosis
5- A nurse is reviewing a client’s laboratory report. The client’s ABG levels are pH 7.5, PaCO2 32 mmHg,
and HCO3- 24 mEq/L. The nurse should determine that the client has which of the following acid-base
imbalances?
A. Respiratory alkalosis
B. Metabolic acidosis
,C. Respiratory acidosis
D. Metabolic alkalosis
6- A nurse is rewarming a client following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. For which of
the following complications of the rewarming process should the nurse monitor the client?
A. Acidosis
B. Infection
C. Hypertension
D. Cardiac tamponade
7- A nurse is reviewing laboratory findings of an adolescent who has acute renal failure. Which of the
following findings should the nurse expect?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hypercalcemia
C. Decreased plasma creatinine level
D. Metabolic acidosis
8- A nurse is caring for a client who has emphysema and chronic respiratory acidosis. The nurse should
monitor the client for which of the following electrolyte imbalances?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hyponatremia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypomagnesemia
9- A nurse is assessing a client who is 12 hr postoperative following an open cholecystectomy. Which
of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
A. Hypoactive bowel sounds
B. Indwelling urinary catheter output of 25 mL/hr (The nurse should report a urinary output of <30
mL/hr to the provider, as this can indicate hypovolemia or renal complication)
C. Heart rate of 96/min
D. Serous drainage at the surgical incision site
10- A nurse is reviewing the laboratory report of a client who has chronic kidney disease (CKD). The
nurse finds the following laboratory test results: potassium 6.8 mEq/L, calcium 7.4 mg/dL, hemoglobin
10.2 g/dL, and phosphate 4.8 mg/dL. Which finding is the priority for the nurse to report to the
provider?
A. Hypocalcemia
, B. Hyperkalemia
C. Anemia
D. Hypoalbuminemia
11- A nurse is providing dietary teaching a client who has late-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Which of the following nutrients should the nurse instruct the client to increase in her diet?
A. Calcium (CKD can develop hypocalcemia)
B. Phosphorous
C. Potassium
D. Sodium
12- A nurse is checking the laboratory values of a client who has chronic kidney disease. The nurse
should expect elevations in which of the following values?
A. Potassium and magnesium (CKD pte have hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hypermagnesemia)
B. Calcium and bicarbonate
C. Hemoglobin and hematocrit
D. Arterial pH and PaCO2
13- A nurse is caring for a client who has chronic glomerulonephritis with oliguria. For which of the
following electrolyte imbalances should the nurse monitor?
A. Hypercalcemia
B. Hyperkalemia (glomerulonephritis causes potassium retentation)
C. Hypomagnesemia
D. Hypophosphatemia
14- A nurse is caring for a client who has emphysema and chronic respiratory acidosis. The nurse
should monitor the client for which of the following electrolyte imbalances?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hyponatremia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypomagnesemia
15- A nurse is reviewing the laboratory findings of a client who has chronic kidney disease. The client
reports significant persistent nausea and muscle weakness. Which of the following findings should the
nurse expect?
A. Hypernatremia
