EPPP - Ethics

EPPP - Ethics Psychologists can use animals in research if what 2 conditions are met? - 1. It is in compliance with current federal; state; and local laws and regulations; and with professional standards; 2. Reasonable efforts are made to minimize discomfort; infection; illness; and pain to animals Psychologists are required to work within the boundaries of their ; which can be based on their education; training; supervised experience; consultation; study; or professional experience. - Competence What course of action should you take if you discover a colleague has been violating an ethical standard that puts no clients in direct harm? - Attempt to resolve the problem informally by discussing the matter with the offender When should a psychologist make a formal report to the Ethics Committee; state licensing board; or other appropriate authority regarding unethical behavior by a colleague? - "When the problem involves ""substantial harm"" and is not appropriate for an informal resolution or has not been resolved satisfactorily by an attempt at an informal resolution" always takes precedence over the need to educate or punish an offending psychologist; which must always be considered before filing a complaint. - Client Confidentiality When recording voices/images in research; when is informed consent not required? - When the research consists solely of naturalistic observations in public places; and it is not anticipated that the recording will be used in a manner that could cause personal identification or harm Describe the nature of informed consent when research involves recording voices/images and deception. - Informed consent is provided during debriefing What is the legal concept that protects a client's confidentiality in the context of legal proceedings? - Privilege Typically;is the holder of the privilege. - The client What has the data on sexual misconduct by therapists consistently shown? - Male therapists violate much more than female therapists; and they are usually older (42-44 y/o) than the female clients (30-33 y/o) they become involved with What relationships have been found between risk for sexual misconduct and theoretical orientation; professional experience;or education? - None (Pope et al.; 1993) When can a psychologist use client testimonials? - When they are not solicited from current therapy clients or other persons who; because of their circumstances; are vulnerable to undue influence In a consultative relationship; when is it appropriate to disclose confidential client information? - 1. When the consultant and consultee have a confidential relationship; 2. If the consultee has obtained prior consent of the person or organization; 3. If disclosure is unavoidable A psychologist has been meeting regularly with a child whose parents recently filed for divorce and have requested a child custody evaluation. What course of action should the psychologist take? - While not required; The Guidelines states psychologists generally avoid conducting such evaluations when s/he has served in a therapeutic role for the child or their family What 4 conditions must be met in order for a client to bring a claim of malpractice against a psychologist? - 1. Psychologist must have had a professional relationship with the person; 2. Must be a demonstrable standard of care breached by psychologist; 3. Person suffered harm or injury; 4. Harm or injury was proximally caused by psychologist's breach of duty within context of standard of care Is it ever appropriate for a psychologist to pay; receive payment from; or divide fees with another professional for referring them a client? - No; this is unethical. All payments in such situations must be based on the services provided (e.g.; clinical; consultative; administrative) "What legal decision originally established a psychologists ""duty to warn;"" which later became a ""duty to protect?""" - The Tarasoff Decision; which regards a client's admission of intent to harm another person Bartering is allowed only if what two conditions are met? - 1. It is not clinically contraindicated; 2. It is not exploitative In a legal proceeding; if a defendant lacks sufficient present ability to consult with his lawyer with a reasonable degree of rational understanding; and a rational as well as a factual understanding of the proceedings against him/her; s/he is deemed . - Incompetent to stand trial A person who by reason of education or specialized experience possesses superior knowledge regarding a subject about which persons having no particular training are incapable of forming an accurate opinion or deducing correct conclusions is referred to as an - . Expert Witness A refers to a person who testifies as to what they saw; heard; or otherwise observed regarding a circumstance; event or occurrence as it actually took place. - Fact Witness are allowed to offer professional opinions and provide testimony based on hypothetical scenarios; while cannot. - Expert Witnesses; Fact Witnesses When taking on a new therapy client; when should a psychologist obtain informed consent? - As early as is feasible- should include nature and anticipated course of therapy; fees; 3rd party involvement; limits of confidentiality; and provide client opportunity to ask questions and receive answers Are psychologists required by the Ethics Code to provide Pro Bono services? - No; however the General Principles; which are aspirational in nature; promote it Is it ethical for psychologists to engage in sexual behavior with students or supervisees? - No. In fact; it is unethical for a psychologist to engage in sexual relations with anyone they are likely to have evaluative authority over The Client Welfare standard of the APA Ethics Code requires what? - That reasonable steps are taken by psychologists to avoid and minimize harm to clients; students; research participants; and others with whom they work What conditions must be met for deception to ethically be used in research? - 1. Deception is justified by the study's prospective scientific; educational; applied value and effective nondeceptive alternatives are not feasible; 2. Participants are not deceived about conditions that might cause significantpain or emotional distress; 3. Participants are debriefed preferably at end of their participation; but no later than conclusion of data collection "The ""Guidelines for Providers of Psychological Services to Ethnic; Linguistic; and Culturally Diverse Populations"" presents principles thatare in nature." - Aspirational Psychologists are to refrain from entering into a multiple relationship when? - If the relationship can be reasonably expected to impair the psychologist's objectivity; competence; or effectiveness; or otherwise risks exploitation or harmto the client What is the first step a psychologist should take when they receive a subpoena? - Determine if the subpoena is a legally valid demand Following an evaluation; are psychologists allowed to provideclients with raw test data if the client requests it? - Yes; it would unethical not to do so. However; there are some exceptions if the psychologist believes the test data could harm the client True or False: In some situations; it is ethical for a psychologist to withhold reporting acase of known child abuse? - False. All jurisdictions require psychologists to report known cases of child abuse to the appropriate authorities Is it ethical or unethical to deny employment; admission to academic or other programs; advancement; or promotion to someone who has previously made or been the subject of an ethics complaint? - Unethical What is FERPA (Family Education Rights and Privacy Act of 1974)? - It prohibits educational institutions receiving federal funds from disclosing personally identifying information from student records without the consent of the the student or legal guardian (if under18); also grants right to inspect one's educational records A legal concept referring to a person's incapacity to determine right from wrong or to behave according to the requirements of the law. - Insanity; which is not a psychological concept; but usedin a purely legal sense