Review for IAP100 Test 1:
Chapter 1,2 and 3
Understand the difference between gross and microscopic anatomy, including the different specialties.
Gross:
-Study of structures visible with unaided eye.
Surface- general form and SUPERFICIAL MARKINGS.
Regional- all superficial and internal features of a specific REGION of the body.
Systemic- structure of major ORGAN SYSTEMS.
Microscopic:
Study of structures that cannot be seen without magnification.
Cytology-study of internal structure if individual cells.
Histology- study of tissues, groups of specialized cells and cell products that work together to
perform specific functions.
Know the different levels of organization of the human body
Chemical Level
ATOMS are the smallest stable units of matter.
Atoms combine to form MOLECULES.
Molecular shape determines function.
Cellular Level
Made up of CELLS, the smallest living units in the body.
Molecules interact to form larger structures, each with its own function in the cells.
Tissue Level
A TISSUE is composed to similar cells working together to perform a specific function.
Organ Level
An ORGAN is composed of two or more different tissues working together to perform specific
functions.
Organ System Level
An ORGAN SYSTEM consists of the organs interacting to perform specific functions.
Organism Level
An ORGANISM consists of all organ systems od the body working together to maintain life and health
,Understand the organ systems of the human body.
Integumentary- Protects against environmental hazard; helps control body temp; provides sensory info.
Skeletal- Provide support; protects tissues; stores minerals; forms bone cells.
Muscular- Provides movement; provides protection and support for other tissues; produces heat.
Nervous- Directs immediate responses to stimuli; usually by coordinating the activities of other organ
systems; provides and interprets sensory info about internal and external conditions.
Endocrine- Directs long term changes in activities of other organ systems.
Cardiovascular- Transports cells and dissolved materials, including nutrients, wastes, oxygen and carbon
dioxide.
Lymphatic- Defends against infection and disease; returns tissue fluids to bloodstream.
Respiratory- Delivers air to sites in lungs where gas exchange occurs between the air and bloodstream;
produces sound for communication.
Digestive- Processes food and absorbs nutrients.
Urinary- Excretes waste products from the blood; controls waste balance by regulating the volume of
urine produced.
Male Reproductive- Produces male sex cells (sperm) and hormones.
Female Reproductive- Produces female sex cells ( oocytes or immature eggs) and hormones; supports
embryonic and fetal development from fertilization to birth.
Understand the principles of homeostasis including negative and positive feedback.
Homeostasis-
A state of internal balance or a stable internal environment.
Must be maintained in order to survive.
Malfunction of the organ systems when homeostatic responses are overwhelmed results in
ILLNESS or DISEASE.
Accomplished by interdependent cells, tissues, organs and organ systems functioning together.
Receptor- Senses a particular change.
Control Center- Receives and processes info from receptor.
Effector- Responds to commands from control center.
Negative Feedback
Most common.
Variations from normal trigger automatic response.
, Response corrects situation back to normal range.
Positive Feedback
Response reinforces or exaggerates original stimulus.
Results in escalating cycle.
Involved in regulation of potentially dangerous or stressful processes requiring rapid completion.
Ex. Labor and delivery.
Know quadrants and organs found in them
Chapter 1,2 and 3
Understand the difference between gross and microscopic anatomy, including the different specialties.
Gross:
-Study of structures visible with unaided eye.
Surface- general form and SUPERFICIAL MARKINGS.
Regional- all superficial and internal features of a specific REGION of the body.
Systemic- structure of major ORGAN SYSTEMS.
Microscopic:
Study of structures that cannot be seen without magnification.
Cytology-study of internal structure if individual cells.
Histology- study of tissues, groups of specialized cells and cell products that work together to
perform specific functions.
Know the different levels of organization of the human body
Chemical Level
ATOMS are the smallest stable units of matter.
Atoms combine to form MOLECULES.
Molecular shape determines function.
Cellular Level
Made up of CELLS, the smallest living units in the body.
Molecules interact to form larger structures, each with its own function in the cells.
Tissue Level
A TISSUE is composed to similar cells working together to perform a specific function.
Organ Level
An ORGAN is composed of two or more different tissues working together to perform specific
functions.
Organ System Level
An ORGAN SYSTEM consists of the organs interacting to perform specific functions.
Organism Level
An ORGANISM consists of all organ systems od the body working together to maintain life and health
,Understand the organ systems of the human body.
Integumentary- Protects against environmental hazard; helps control body temp; provides sensory info.
Skeletal- Provide support; protects tissues; stores minerals; forms bone cells.
Muscular- Provides movement; provides protection and support for other tissues; produces heat.
Nervous- Directs immediate responses to stimuli; usually by coordinating the activities of other organ
systems; provides and interprets sensory info about internal and external conditions.
Endocrine- Directs long term changes in activities of other organ systems.
Cardiovascular- Transports cells and dissolved materials, including nutrients, wastes, oxygen and carbon
dioxide.
Lymphatic- Defends against infection and disease; returns tissue fluids to bloodstream.
Respiratory- Delivers air to sites in lungs where gas exchange occurs between the air and bloodstream;
produces sound for communication.
Digestive- Processes food and absorbs nutrients.
Urinary- Excretes waste products from the blood; controls waste balance by regulating the volume of
urine produced.
Male Reproductive- Produces male sex cells (sperm) and hormones.
Female Reproductive- Produces female sex cells ( oocytes or immature eggs) and hormones; supports
embryonic and fetal development from fertilization to birth.
Understand the principles of homeostasis including negative and positive feedback.
Homeostasis-
A state of internal balance or a stable internal environment.
Must be maintained in order to survive.
Malfunction of the organ systems when homeostatic responses are overwhelmed results in
ILLNESS or DISEASE.
Accomplished by interdependent cells, tissues, organs and organ systems functioning together.
Receptor- Senses a particular change.
Control Center- Receives and processes info from receptor.
Effector- Responds to commands from control center.
Negative Feedback
Most common.
Variations from normal trigger automatic response.
, Response corrects situation back to normal range.
Positive Feedback
Response reinforces or exaggerates original stimulus.
Results in escalating cycle.
Involved in regulation of potentially dangerous or stressful processes requiring rapid completion.
Ex. Labor and delivery.
Know quadrants and organs found in them
