What happens to the nucleic acid that we ingest? It is acted on by nucleases, which hydrolyze the
phosphodiester bonds that connect the individual
nucleotides together.
What are the products of nucleic acid digestion? Monophosphate nucleotides.
What happens to the monophosphate nucleotides? They are acted on by phosphatases to remove the
phosphate groups.
What are nucleosides? Molecules that have a purine or pyrimidine molecule
linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar.
What is the primary form in which dietary nucleic Nucleosides.
acids are absorbed?
What are nucleosides? Molecules that have a purine or pyrimidine molecule
linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar.
What happens to some nucleosides in the small They are acted on by nucleosidases which
intestine? hydrolyze the linkage between the sugar and
nitrogenous base.
Where are most of the nucleosides absorbed? Into the enterocyte (cells lining the small intestine).
What are nucleosides the major end-product of? Nucleic acid digestion.
What percentage of absorbed nucleosides are About 5%.
reutilized for nucleic acid synthesis?
What percentage of reutilized nucleosides is used 25%.
by rapidly regenerating enterocytes?
What happens to most of the absorbed They are further degraded.
nucleosides?
Where do most of the nucleotides needed for Biosynthetic pathways present in our cells.
nucleic acid synthesis come from?
What does Figure 13-1 depict? Digestion of nucleic acids in the small intestine.
, What does Figure 13-2 serve as a reminder of? The chemical structures and nomenclatures of
nitrogenous bases, the pentose sugar component,
nucleosides, and nucleotides.
What are the components of nucleotides? Nitrogenous base, ribose or deoxyribose sugar, and
one or more phosphate groups.
What is the difference between ribose and Ribose has an -OH group on carbon 2, while
deoxyribose? deoxyribose has an -H.
What is the difference between nucleotides and Nucleotides have phosphate groups, while
nucleosides? nucleosides do not.
What is the major role of nucleotides and Building blocks for DNA and RNA.
nucleosides?
What is the major energy currency in the cell? ATP.
What is the function of ATP? It is used to drive energetically unfavorable
reactions.
What is the role of adenine-based nucleotides in They are components of three major coenzymes.
coenzymes?
What is the purpose of linking nucleotides to other To form activated substrates.
biomolecules?
Give an example of nucleotide linkage in glycogen Glucose is linked to UDP to form UDP-glucose.
synthesis.
Why is UDP used as a leaving group in glycogen It facilitates the addition of glucose onto a growing
synthesis? glycogen chain.
What is the role of CDP in lipid synthesis? It is linked to diacylglycerol and sometimes the
phospholipid head group components to make them
reactive substrates.
What are some cellular and physiological Some nucleotides and nucleosides.
regulators?
What is the role of cyclic AMP (cAMP) in the cell? It activates a protein kinase in the cell.
phosphodiester bonds that connect the individual
nucleotides together.
What are the products of nucleic acid digestion? Monophosphate nucleotides.
What happens to the monophosphate nucleotides? They are acted on by phosphatases to remove the
phosphate groups.
What are nucleosides? Molecules that have a purine or pyrimidine molecule
linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar.
What is the primary form in which dietary nucleic Nucleosides.
acids are absorbed?
What are nucleosides? Molecules that have a purine or pyrimidine molecule
linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar.
What happens to some nucleosides in the small They are acted on by nucleosidases which
intestine? hydrolyze the linkage between the sugar and
nitrogenous base.
Where are most of the nucleosides absorbed? Into the enterocyte (cells lining the small intestine).
What are nucleosides the major end-product of? Nucleic acid digestion.
What percentage of absorbed nucleosides are About 5%.
reutilized for nucleic acid synthesis?
What percentage of reutilized nucleosides is used 25%.
by rapidly regenerating enterocytes?
What happens to most of the absorbed They are further degraded.
nucleosides?
Where do most of the nucleotides needed for Biosynthetic pathways present in our cells.
nucleic acid synthesis come from?
What does Figure 13-1 depict? Digestion of nucleic acids in the small intestine.
, What does Figure 13-2 serve as a reminder of? The chemical structures and nomenclatures of
nitrogenous bases, the pentose sugar component,
nucleosides, and nucleotides.
What are the components of nucleotides? Nitrogenous base, ribose or deoxyribose sugar, and
one or more phosphate groups.
What is the difference between ribose and Ribose has an -OH group on carbon 2, while
deoxyribose? deoxyribose has an -H.
What is the difference between nucleotides and Nucleotides have phosphate groups, while
nucleosides? nucleosides do not.
What is the major role of nucleotides and Building blocks for DNA and RNA.
nucleosides?
What is the major energy currency in the cell? ATP.
What is the function of ATP? It is used to drive energetically unfavorable
reactions.
What is the role of adenine-based nucleotides in They are components of three major coenzymes.
coenzymes?
What is the purpose of linking nucleotides to other To form activated substrates.
biomolecules?
Give an example of nucleotide linkage in glycogen Glucose is linked to UDP to form UDP-glucose.
synthesis.
Why is UDP used as a leaving group in glycogen It facilitates the addition of glucose onto a growing
synthesis? glycogen chain.
What is the role of CDP in lipid synthesis? It is linked to diacylglycerol and sometimes the
phospholipid head group components to make them
reactive substrates.
What are some cellular and physiological Some nucleotides and nucleosides.
regulators?
What is the role of cyclic AMP (cAMP) in the cell? It activates a protein kinase in the cell.
