UT High School World History A Final Exam Thorough Review, Complete Solution

UT High School World History A Final Exam Thorough Review, Complete Solution Pre-history the period of time before written records Lucy 3.2 million year old skeleton found in Africa by Donald Johanser The pre-history people were this Hunter-gatherers (nomadic) Stone Age When people began using bone and stone tools Archaeology Study of past human material remains Anthropology Study of human society, culture, and development Humans originated from here Africa (eastern + southern) Bipedalism Ability to walk on two legs Neolithic Revolution (10,000 - 8,000 BC) When humans began using agriculture and domesticating animals What makes a civilization? (8) (1) government (2) religion (3) social classes (4) arts (5) cities (6) specialization (7) writing (8) infrastructure What led to social classes? Specialization of labor How did the Neolithic revolution contribute to the rise of civilizations? Agriculture caused families to grow into tribes which grew into civilizations Economics How we consume, produce, and manage goods and services Economic progression is often tied to this Societal growth and imperial expansion Early specializations of labor (4) (social classes formed from these) (1) Farmer (2) Warrior (3) Religious leader (4) Artisan Writing is important to civilization for these reasons (4) (1) Codification of laws (2) Record-keeping (3) Birth of literature (4) Sharing of culture Social Class How people are divided by income and labor The River Valley Civilizations were located here Rivers valleys in Africa and Asia Dynasty A family of rulers Cuneiform the world's first system of writing (from the Middle East) Metallurgy the science of working with metals Polytheism Belief in many gods Sanskrit Language of ancient India Theocracy A government controlled by religious leaders Ziggurat Mesopotamian temple tower The major River Valley Regions (4) (1) Egypt (Nile) (2) Mesopotamia (Tigris-Euphrates) (3) India (Indus) (4) China (Yangtze) Fertile Crescent (Mesopotamia) Between Tigris/Euphrates in modern Iraq Advancements of Mesopotamia (6) (1) Irrigation (2) Drainage (3) Wheel (4) Sail (5) Plow (6) Writing Sumerians may have come from this region Caucasus Mountain Region Sumerian Government Theocracy Sumerian Religion Polytheism Sumerian writing system Cuneiform Sumerian Social Classes (7) (1) Royals (2) Officials (3) Priests (4) Scribes (5) Merchants (6) Peasants (7) Slaves Legal code (criminal and civil law) was created by this empire ("eye for an eye") Babylonian Empire Babylonian Kings (3) (1) Hammurabi (2) Cyrus (3) Darius Babylonian Trade Vast trade network through Mediterranean Sea The Babylonian Empire was known for these (3) (1) Size (2) Wealth (3) Cosmopolitan nature The 365-day calendar was made here Egypt (to anticipate floods) 1st Period of History Old Kingdom ( BC) Egyptian Kingdoms (3) Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom Egyptian Accomplishments (1) Hieroglyphics (2) Ink (3) Plow (4) Calendar (5) Papyrus paper (6) Pyramids (7) Water clock (8) Sundial (9) Makeup (10) Written history Egyptian Religion Polytheism Indus River Valley Civilization Major Cities (2) (1) Mohenjo-daro (2) Harappa The Vedic Age laid the foundation for this Hinduism Caste The class into which a person is born These people created the caste system Aryans China was ruled by dynasties for this many years 30,000 years This was the first Chinese dynasty Shang Dynasty ( BC) This dynasty created the first centralized government Shang Dynasty ( BC) Shang Dynasty Religion Polytheism (nature based gods and ancestors) The longest Chinese dynasty Zhou Dynasty (1027 - 256 BC) Mandate of Heaven A dynasty's right to rule by the gods The early Greeks came from here Islands along the Aegean and Mediterranean Sea Greece's first major city Corinth (peloponnesian isthmus) These people lived on the island of Crete ( BC) Minoans The Minoans created Europe's first writing system called this Linear A These people came from mainland Greece and replaced the Minoans Mycenaeans (created writing system Linear B) Dark Age of Greece Famine and writing disappeared Athens and Sparta were this Polis (city-states) A democratic republic is this (__ + ___) democracy + republic Athenian Democracy was this type of democracy Direct democracy Sparta was this type of system Oligarchic system ("rule by a few") Socrates Greek (Athenian) philosopher (executed with hemlock poison) Greco-Persian Wars (___ vs ___) Greece vs Persia Peloponnesian War (___ vs ___) Athens vs Sparta Scarlet fever killed this percent of Athens' land army 25% Herodotus (FATHER OF HISTORY) First Greek historian born in Ionia He wrote the Histories (first history book) Herodotus (father of history, greek historian, born in Ionia) Plato Socrates most famous student Aristotle Plato's most famous student