· An nom de Dien)
-
organic chemistry: -
For example: I
The of that based carbon.
· CO2
co a
a
study compounds are on
Organic chemistry is about
organic compounds and
they are I'
-
based on carbons.
(C1o
sinixcc
·
& S
They usually have a carbon-carbon or
carbon-hydrogen bond. and
If the
Inorganic compounds
* are not based on carbons. ~ eliples in a m
is polar
-The carbon atom:
Each carbon can hold to covalent bands. Thus, a carbon atom can -for example:
up
-
#20
connect to four other atoms. Carbon bond other of
as
many
can to
many types ·20 ->
and
atoms, including hydrogen, oxygen nitrogen.
In addition tend to create
single, double, or triple bonds with
-
carbons
strong
other carbons.
-
The numbers of single, double bevels or
triple bond can determine the saturation of
-Hydro Carbons:
the molecule:
> Melecules that contain only single carbon-carbon bonds are saturated. I means all carbon -
Hydrocarbons are the
simp
of
enti
of other
atoms are bended to the maximum number atoms which is 4. No more
bending can
They are
composed
fuels
happen. -They're widely used as
-> Melecules that contain double or
triple bonds are unsaturated. The carbon atoms
Hydrocarbons are
non-polar
either side of tripleband to less than 4
on the double or are bonded atoms each, -
Hydrocarbons are divided i
which allows the carbon to bond more with other atoms. 1) Aliphatic hydrocarbons
- Carbon melecules can be in different shapes such as a chain or a
ring. - A contains carbon at
Carbon structures the backbone of The carbon atoms
-
are
organic chemistry/componnel. -
sin
-
Alipathic hydrocarbons
Structures:
Line
Angle alkynes.
w
Carbon, Carbon bonds
-
They're also known as the skeletal structures. 2) Aromatic hydrocarbon
carbon hydrogen atoms not drawn in. -Aromatic hydrocar
- In line
angle structures, the and are
It's that each carbon has sufficient number of that
-
assumed a
hydrogens group.
it has a total number of 4 bands. -
They contain benz
Note that
-
hydrogen can
only create one bond.
-
Always include the love pairs for the
moms such as
nitrogen, oxygen - Alkanes:
halogens and etc. > a new, carbon - An Allare is a
hydroca
-Bond matter alot in line structures. Allanes do not contain
angles angle -
rin
They have the formula
(n
·
:
-An alkane in the shape of
And the Formula Cattan
#Ex 2H
&
-
C C
#
Alkenes:
-
NH 2
&
"C C
*
If
If (11 I
⑪
·x C6H,
N NO
H
will
(
=H H
-
A
compound (hydrocarbon
B ↑ -
straight-chain Alkenes wi
Co A 152
cycloalkanes -> In Her
It * Double C.c bonds are
H
*
2.
C I
H
H 1
Alkynes:
a it
H in -
C C If
, ( Au nom de Dieu )
For
-
example :
-
C- 12
design
cH3
3 5 6 -
You can use the
designation
HC CH CH CH hex ( root )
z } → carbons in the double bend eac
' 4
H C C tri or tetra -
substituted .
3
2 ' '
1 2,4 -
dimethyl hexane _
2 isomers is when the ca
CH same side
} .
' '
-
f isomers are isomers wh
- Suffix : each side .
functional
- The suffix indicates the
type of
compound according ,
to the
groups
present . _ How to name A
of the bonds 1) Find
-
Depends on the types present in the main chain : the
longest carbon
2) Count the number of carb
"
bond "
alkane
→
single : _ ane s
"
double bend : "
ene alkene 3) Pick out the
alkyl group
-
→ →
"
Triple bend :
"
alkyne Make sure to number the
→
yne → *
-
the
highest priority with lowe
-
Prefix :
-The prefix indicates the name and location of each branch and functional 4) Indicate the position of
group on the main chain . in the main chain to which
the
have branches ,
-
Most compounds called
alkyl groups attached to the main chain .
alkyl groups and are conne
An Alkyl obtained
by removing atom from
-
group is one
hydrogen an alkane .
" " "
To suffix to 5) If
alkyl group
"
- name an
,
change the ane
yl . two or more
alkyl
^ ^"
are
by the prefixes di , tri ,
Methyl Ethyl propyl isopropyl number Use
separate . comm
CH
}
CH C.Hz ( CH
} Hz ( Hz ( Hz (
Hz -
z
CH }
6) If there are two or more
butyl Sec -
butyl isebutyl Tert-butyl ,, a, , ,, , ,,
,,
•
.
, , nam
"
/
"+3 '"
3
↳
CHZCHZCHZCH CH CH
position of each with
-
,
-
CH ,
CH
C CH
,
group ,
CH z CH ,
3
CHS and letters .
t
I
~
-
I -
- -
When the branches have of their '
For example :
branches
shape thy get
'
* ,
own in a
y _
a suffix of '
iso
)
.
•
4 3
The location of th branches are indicated by number The number represent
- . C
CHZ
th number of th carbon
having th branch on the main chain SCH
}
.
chain (
- When
numbering carbons on th main
straight] you must number
in a so that th carbon with the branches have th lowest numbers possible
way .
A
☆ "
2-
H
c.
•:
meth
a
•
CH3
/
⑨
(4
the branch the lowest number
Cz >
→ main chain
5 4
(5 (
3 Cy
Hgc [H
→
5 carbons →
root :
pent
→ All
single bends → suffix : ane
→ CH} is th branch on carbon 2 → prefix : 2 , methyl m
i. 2-
methy pentane •% 2,3 -
dim
-
organic chemistry: -
For example: I
The of that based carbon.
· CO2
co a
a
study compounds are on
Organic chemistry is about
organic compounds and
they are I'
-
based on carbons.
(C1o
sinixcc
·
& S
They usually have a carbon-carbon or
carbon-hydrogen bond. and
If the
Inorganic compounds
* are not based on carbons. ~ eliples in a m
is polar
-The carbon atom:
Each carbon can hold to covalent bands. Thus, a carbon atom can -for example:
up
-
#20
connect to four other atoms. Carbon bond other of
as
many
can to
many types ·20 ->
and
atoms, including hydrogen, oxygen nitrogen.
In addition tend to create
single, double, or triple bonds with
-
carbons
strong
other carbons.
-
The numbers of single, double bevels or
triple bond can determine the saturation of
-Hydro Carbons:
the molecule:
> Melecules that contain only single carbon-carbon bonds are saturated. I means all carbon -
Hydrocarbons are the
simp
of
enti
of other
atoms are bended to the maximum number atoms which is 4. No more
bending can
They are
composed
fuels
happen. -They're widely used as
-> Melecules that contain double or
triple bonds are unsaturated. The carbon atoms
Hydrocarbons are
non-polar
either side of tripleband to less than 4
on the double or are bonded atoms each, -
Hydrocarbons are divided i
which allows the carbon to bond more with other atoms. 1) Aliphatic hydrocarbons
- Carbon melecules can be in different shapes such as a chain or a
ring. - A contains carbon at
Carbon structures the backbone of The carbon atoms
-
are
organic chemistry/componnel. -
sin
-
Alipathic hydrocarbons
Structures:
Line
Angle alkynes.
w
Carbon, Carbon bonds
-
They're also known as the skeletal structures. 2) Aromatic hydrocarbon
carbon hydrogen atoms not drawn in. -Aromatic hydrocar
- In line
angle structures, the and are
It's that each carbon has sufficient number of that
-
assumed a
hydrogens group.
it has a total number of 4 bands. -
They contain benz
Note that
-
hydrogen can
only create one bond.
-
Always include the love pairs for the
moms such as
nitrogen, oxygen - Alkanes:
halogens and etc. > a new, carbon - An Allare is a
hydroca
-Bond matter alot in line structures. Allanes do not contain
angles angle -
rin
They have the formula
(n
·
:
-An alkane in the shape of
And the Formula Cattan
#Ex 2H
&
-
C C
#
Alkenes:
-
NH 2
&
"C C
*
If
If (11 I
⑪
·x C6H,
N NO
H
will
(
=H H
-
A
compound (hydrocarbon
B ↑ -
straight-chain Alkenes wi
Co A 152
cycloalkanes -> In Her
It * Double C.c bonds are
H
*
2.
C I
H
H 1
Alkynes:
a it
H in -
C C If
, ( Au nom de Dieu )
For
-
example :
-
C- 12
design
cH3
3 5 6 -
You can use the
designation
HC CH CH CH hex ( root )
z } → carbons in the double bend eac
' 4
H C C tri or tetra -
substituted .
3
2 ' '
1 2,4 -
dimethyl hexane _
2 isomers is when the ca
CH same side
} .
' '
-
f isomers are isomers wh
- Suffix : each side .
functional
- The suffix indicates the
type of
compound according ,
to the
groups
present . _ How to name A
of the bonds 1) Find
-
Depends on the types present in the main chain : the
longest carbon
2) Count the number of carb
"
bond "
alkane
→
single : _ ane s
"
double bend : "
ene alkene 3) Pick out the
alkyl group
-
→ →
"
Triple bend :
"
alkyne Make sure to number the
→
yne → *
-
the
highest priority with lowe
-
Prefix :
-The prefix indicates the name and location of each branch and functional 4) Indicate the position of
group on the main chain . in the main chain to which
the
have branches ,
-
Most compounds called
alkyl groups attached to the main chain .
alkyl groups and are conne
An Alkyl obtained
by removing atom from
-
group is one
hydrogen an alkane .
" " "
To suffix to 5) If
alkyl group
"
- name an
,
change the ane
yl . two or more
alkyl
^ ^"
are
by the prefixes di , tri ,
Methyl Ethyl propyl isopropyl number Use
separate . comm
CH
}
CH C.Hz ( CH
} Hz ( Hz ( Hz (
Hz -
z
CH }
6) If there are two or more
butyl Sec -
butyl isebutyl Tert-butyl ,, a, , ,, , ,,
,,
•
.
, , nam
"
/
"+3 '"
3
↳
CHZCHZCHZCH CH CH
position of each with
-
,
-
CH ,
CH
C CH
,
group ,
CH z CH ,
3
CHS and letters .
t
I
~
-
I -
- -
When the branches have of their '
For example :
branches
shape thy get
'
* ,
own in a
y _
a suffix of '
iso
)
.
•
4 3
The location of th branches are indicated by number The number represent
- . C
CHZ
th number of th carbon
having th branch on the main chain SCH
}
.
chain (
- When
numbering carbons on th main
straight] you must number
in a so that th carbon with the branches have th lowest numbers possible
way .
A
☆ "
2-
H
c.
•:
meth
a
•
CH3
/
⑨
(4
the branch the lowest number
Cz >
→ main chain
5 4
(5 (
3 Cy
Hgc [H
→
5 carbons →
root :
pent
→ All
single bends → suffix : ane
→ CH} is th branch on carbon 2 → prefix : 2 , methyl m
i. 2-
methy pentane •% 2,3 -
dim
