PN2 2571 Final Review A2 Winter 2020 - Rasmussen College

PN2 2571 Final Review A2 Winter 2020 - Rasmussen College Final Outline Cardiac Left sided heart failure Causes: blood isn’t moving forward into the aorta and out to the body. If it doesn’t move forward it will go back into the LUNGS s/s: pulmonary congestion (crackles), dyspnea, cough, blood tinged frothy sputum, restlessness, tachycardia (S3), orthopnea nocturnal dyspnea tx: ACE inhibitors, ARBS, diuretics, beta blockers diet: low sodium, no salt substitutes, no processed or canned foods pt. teaching: stop smoking Right sided heart failure Causes: blood isn’t moving forward into the lungs and if it doesn’t move forward it will go backwards into the VASCULAR SYSTEM s/s: distended neck veins (JVD), edema, enlarged organs, weight gain (shoes get tighter), ascites, nocturia, increased aortic pressure tx: ACE inhibitors, ARDS, diuretics, beta blockers pt. teaching: stop smoking Infective Endocarditis Precautions: give antibiotics before dental work Standard precautions Diagnosing: blood test for bacteria, CBC for anemia, and an echocardiogram Pericarditis s/s: characterized by pain in the precordial area (over the heart and lower thorax) which is aggravated by breathing and twisting movements non pharmalogical pain interventions: give a pillow to splint their breathing where to hear a rub: pericardium (over the heart and lower thorax) left sternal border meds for: antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs HTN s/s: HEADACHE, angina, dyspnea, palpitations, dizzy, fatigue what is essential HTN: primary hypertension and the cause is unknown Pulse Pressure How to figure it out: subtracting diastolic blood pressure from systolic blood pressure Systolic – diastolic Vascular Aneurysms S/s: hypotension, tachycardia, pallor, cool and clammy skin, and abdominal/back pain what not to do: do not palpate the abdomen – risk for rupture causes: hypertension and smoking risk factors: smoking, high blood pressure DVT Pt. goals: oxygen saturation at 98% non pharmalogical pain interventions: elevation, elastic supports, warm soaks, stay hydrated comfort measures: warm moist pack Buergers Causes: unknown, black fingertips and toes. Chemicals in tobacco irritate the lining of blood vessels causing them to swell pt. teaching: encourage to stop smoking and perform exercises