IB PSYCHOLOGY PAPER 1 SAQS ONLY |
SHORT-ANSWER QUESTION PRACTICE
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Updated Questions and Answers | 100% Verified Exam Prep
,Biological Approach is a branch of psychology that studies how behavior is affected by physiological
processes such as the brain, genetics, hormones, and neurotransmitters.
Neurotransmitters are chemicals that carry messages across the synapse to the dendrites of the receiver
neuron. Neurotransmitters are affected by agonists and antagonists.
The chemical component of neurotransmission starts with producing and storing neurotransmitters in the axon. If an action potential
arrives, the axon releases the neurotransmitter. The neurotransmitters travel across the
synapse to the receptor sites of the receiving neurons dendrites. When a
neurotransmitter fits into a receptor site, it delivers an excitatory or inhibitory message. If
enough excitatory messages are delivered, the neuron will fire. Reuptake will then occur.
A neurotransmitter example is serotonin.
SAQ #1 Antagonist and Agonist
Antagonist and Agonist is in what approach Biological Approach
Agonists are chemicals that enhance the action of a neurotransmitter.
An example of an agonist is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitory (SSRI), which leaves serotonin in the synapse
longer and enhances its effect.
Antagonists are chemicals that counteract a neurotransmitter and prevent a signal from being passed
further.
Antagonist and Agonist study Crockett et al
Crockett et al Aim Investigation of the effects serotonin has on prosocial behavior.
Crockett et al Procedure Sample size 30 healthy volunteers around age 26. Used repeated measure design, and
double bilnd design with two conditions. Condition #1 participants were given a dose of
citalopram. Citalopram is a drug that affects serotonin to last longer. Condition #2 the
control group, participants are given placebos which have no effects. After taking the
drugs participants are given a series of moral dilemmas. One dilemma was personal and
the other was impersonal.
Citalopram drug affects Citalopram is a drug that affects serotonin to last longer.
, Crockett et al Results Results showed responses in the impersonal version were unaffected by citalopram.
However, after receiving a dose of citalopram participants were less likely to push the
man off the bridge which was the personal option. The only difference was that the
participants were more convicted about their decisions than the control group.
Crockett et al Conclusion In conclusion serotonin reduced acceptability of personal harm and in this way promotes
prosocial behavior. Inflicting harm on other people is judged as less acceptable. But a
limitation to these results is that citalopram caused slight nausea which could allow
participants to figure out what drug they were given.
SAQ #2 Excitatory and inhibitory synapses
Excitatory and inhibitory synapses is in what approach Biological Approach
An excitatory message makes it more likely that a receiving neuron will fire and an action potential will travel
down its axon.
An inhibitory message prevents or decreases the likelihood that a receiving neuron will fire.
Excitatory and inhibitory synapses Study Fisher et al
Fisher et al Aim To explore the role of dopamine in the brain
Procedure Ten men and seven women who were "intensely in love" (but not with each other) were
recruited through word of mouth and flyers (self-selected sampling). Each participant
was placed in an FMRI scanner and shown photos while having their brain scanned. For
30 seconds they looked at a photo of the person they were in love with. Then they
engaged in 40 seconds of a filler activity (counting). For 30 seconds they looked at a
photo of an emotionally neutral person they knew. Then they had another 20 seconds of
filler activity. The previous four steps were repeated six times, resulting in 12 minutes or
720 seconds total for the whole process.
Results The results showed a pattern of activation in the brains of the participants in reaction to
the photographs of their loved one. The results also showed the ventral tegmental area
and caudate nucleus, are the regions that are rich in dopamine. A dopaminergic pathway
is a system that generates and transmits dopamine and increases dopamine related
activity in the brain.
SHORT-ANSWER QUESTION PRACTICE
GUIDE | 100% VERIFIED | A+ GUARANTEE
Updated Questions and Answers | 100% Verified Exam Prep
,Biological Approach is a branch of psychology that studies how behavior is affected by physiological
processes such as the brain, genetics, hormones, and neurotransmitters.
Neurotransmitters are chemicals that carry messages across the synapse to the dendrites of the receiver
neuron. Neurotransmitters are affected by agonists and antagonists.
The chemical component of neurotransmission starts with producing and storing neurotransmitters in the axon. If an action potential
arrives, the axon releases the neurotransmitter. The neurotransmitters travel across the
synapse to the receptor sites of the receiving neurons dendrites. When a
neurotransmitter fits into a receptor site, it delivers an excitatory or inhibitory message. If
enough excitatory messages are delivered, the neuron will fire. Reuptake will then occur.
A neurotransmitter example is serotonin.
SAQ #1 Antagonist and Agonist
Antagonist and Agonist is in what approach Biological Approach
Agonists are chemicals that enhance the action of a neurotransmitter.
An example of an agonist is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitory (SSRI), which leaves serotonin in the synapse
longer and enhances its effect.
Antagonists are chemicals that counteract a neurotransmitter and prevent a signal from being passed
further.
Antagonist and Agonist study Crockett et al
Crockett et al Aim Investigation of the effects serotonin has on prosocial behavior.
Crockett et al Procedure Sample size 30 healthy volunteers around age 26. Used repeated measure design, and
double bilnd design with two conditions. Condition #1 participants were given a dose of
citalopram. Citalopram is a drug that affects serotonin to last longer. Condition #2 the
control group, participants are given placebos which have no effects. After taking the
drugs participants are given a series of moral dilemmas. One dilemma was personal and
the other was impersonal.
Citalopram drug affects Citalopram is a drug that affects serotonin to last longer.
, Crockett et al Results Results showed responses in the impersonal version were unaffected by citalopram.
However, after receiving a dose of citalopram participants were less likely to push the
man off the bridge which was the personal option. The only difference was that the
participants were more convicted about their decisions than the control group.
Crockett et al Conclusion In conclusion serotonin reduced acceptability of personal harm and in this way promotes
prosocial behavior. Inflicting harm on other people is judged as less acceptable. But a
limitation to these results is that citalopram caused slight nausea which could allow
participants to figure out what drug they were given.
SAQ #2 Excitatory and inhibitory synapses
Excitatory and inhibitory synapses is in what approach Biological Approach
An excitatory message makes it more likely that a receiving neuron will fire and an action potential will travel
down its axon.
An inhibitory message prevents or decreases the likelihood that a receiving neuron will fire.
Excitatory and inhibitory synapses Study Fisher et al
Fisher et al Aim To explore the role of dopamine in the brain
Procedure Ten men and seven women who were "intensely in love" (but not with each other) were
recruited through word of mouth and flyers (self-selected sampling). Each participant
was placed in an FMRI scanner and shown photos while having their brain scanned. For
30 seconds they looked at a photo of the person they were in love with. Then they
engaged in 40 seconds of a filler activity (counting). For 30 seconds they looked at a
photo of an emotionally neutral person they knew. Then they had another 20 seconds of
filler activity. The previous four steps were repeated six times, resulting in 12 minutes or
720 seconds total for the whole process.
Results The results showed a pattern of activation in the brains of the participants in reaction to
the photographs of their loved one. The results also showed the ventral tegmental area
and caudate nucleus, are the regions that are rich in dopamine. A dopaminergic pathway
is a system that generates and transmits dopamine and increases dopamine related
activity in the brain.
