Pathophysiology NU 545, Unit 5, Pulmonary/ Kidney II
EXPECTED QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
Question 1.
Goodpasture Syndrome
ANSWER
Antiglomerular basement membrane disease is type 1 of Rapidly progressive
glomerulonephritis (RPGN). It's rare, associated with IgG antibody formation against
pulmonary capillary and glomerular basement membranes. Activation of the complement
system and neutrophils, damage the basement membrane. Poor prognosis
Question 2.
Acute renal failure (acute kidney injury )(AKI)
ANSWER
A sudden decline in kidney function with a decrease in glomerular filtration and accumulation
of nitrogenous waste products in the blood as demonstrated by an elevation in plasma
creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN).
Question 3.
Initiation phase
ANSWER
Phase of AKI in which reduced perfusion or toxicity in which renal injury is evolving. -
prevention of injury is possible during this phase. Lasts 24-36 hours.
Question 4.
Maintenance phase
ANSWER
Phase of AKI when the period of established renal injury and dysfunction after the initiating
event has been resolved and may last from weeks to months.-UOP is lowest during this phase.-
serum creatinine and BUN increase.
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, Question 5.
Recovery phase
ANSWER
Phase of AKI when renal injury is repaired and normal renal function is reestablished.-diuresis
is common.-decline in serum creatinine and BUN.-increase in creatinine clearance.
Question 6.
Etiologies of AKI
ANSWER
(1) renal hypoperfusion (prerenal)
(2) disorders involving the renal parenchymal or interstitial tissue (intrarenal)
(3) disorders associated with acute urinary tract obstruction (postrenal)
Question 7.
Prerenal acute kidney injury
ANSWER
The most common cause of AKI. Reduced effective arterial blood volume causes renal
hypoperfusion that occurs rapidly over a period of hours with elevation of BUN and plasma
creatnine levels.
Question 8.
Intrarenal (intrinsic) acute kidney injury (AKI)
ANSWER
May result from ischemic acute tubular necrosis (ATN), nephrotoxic ATN, acute
glomerulonephritis, vascular disease, allograft rejection or interstitial disease.
Question 9.
Post renal acute kidney injury
ANSWER
Rare and usually occurs with urinary tract obstruction that affects the kidneys bilaterally.
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EXPECTED QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
Question 1.
Goodpasture Syndrome
ANSWER
Antiglomerular basement membrane disease is type 1 of Rapidly progressive
glomerulonephritis (RPGN). It's rare, associated with IgG antibody formation against
pulmonary capillary and glomerular basement membranes. Activation of the complement
system and neutrophils, damage the basement membrane. Poor prognosis
Question 2.
Acute renal failure (acute kidney injury )(AKI)
ANSWER
A sudden decline in kidney function with a decrease in glomerular filtration and accumulation
of nitrogenous waste products in the blood as demonstrated by an elevation in plasma
creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN).
Question 3.
Initiation phase
ANSWER
Phase of AKI in which reduced perfusion or toxicity in which renal injury is evolving. -
prevention of injury is possible during this phase. Lasts 24-36 hours.
Question 4.
Maintenance phase
ANSWER
Phase of AKI when the period of established renal injury and dysfunction after the initiating
event has been resolved and may last from weeks to months.-UOP is lowest during this phase.-
serum creatinine and BUN increase.
1/9
, Question 5.
Recovery phase
ANSWER
Phase of AKI when renal injury is repaired and normal renal function is reestablished.-diuresis
is common.-decline in serum creatinine and BUN.-increase in creatinine clearance.
Question 6.
Etiologies of AKI
ANSWER
(1) renal hypoperfusion (prerenal)
(2) disorders involving the renal parenchymal or interstitial tissue (intrarenal)
(3) disorders associated with acute urinary tract obstruction (postrenal)
Question 7.
Prerenal acute kidney injury
ANSWER
The most common cause of AKI. Reduced effective arterial blood volume causes renal
hypoperfusion that occurs rapidly over a period of hours with elevation of BUN and plasma
creatnine levels.
Question 8.
Intrarenal (intrinsic) acute kidney injury (AKI)
ANSWER
May result from ischemic acute tubular necrosis (ATN), nephrotoxic ATN, acute
glomerulonephritis, vascular disease, allograft rejection or interstitial disease.
Question 9.
Post renal acute kidney injury
ANSWER
Rare and usually occurs with urinary tract obstruction that affects the kidneys bilaterally.
2/9
