PATHOPHYS EXAM 3 | FROM QUESTION TO PERFECTION|
STUDY WITH CONFIDENCE!
transporting oxygen from the air to blood and removing carbon dioxide from the blood Answer:
what two things does the respiratory system do
upper and lower respiratory tract Answer: what are the 2 areas of respiratory system
upper respiratory tract Answer: passageways
that conduct air from the atmosphere to
the lower respiratory tract
lower respiratory tract Answer: where gas
exchange takes place
nasal cavity Answer: hollow space behind the nose
Conchae/turbinates Answer: structures with highly
vascular mucosa that warms and moistens air
paranasal sinuses Answer: 4 pairs of these that are present in the nasal cavity
paranasal sinuses Answer: what does this?
help with mucus production
- air humidification
- voice resonance
- reduces weight of skull/facial bones
respiratory mucosa Answer: pseudostratified
ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet
cells that secrete mucus
cilia Answer: "sweep" the mucus and debris
out of the respiratory tract ("ciliary
escalator")
- note: smoking replaces ciliated epithelium with squamous cells, removing this layer of
protection
nasopharynx → larynx → trachea Answer: what is the pathway of airflow in the upper
respiratory tract
Pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) Answer: lymphoid tissue in posterior
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
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, wall of nasopharynx - defense vs. inhaled things
- *proper breathing through nose and nasopharynx
warms, moistens, and filters air before reaching lungs
Palatine tonsils (tonsils) Answer: lymphoid tissue in posterior
portion of the oral cavity ("immune surveillance stations")
Two auditory (eustachian) tubes Answer: off the nasopharynx
- connect to middle ear - drain fluid, equalize air pressure
- when blocked, predisposition to spreading infection
from the upper respiratory tract
sterile Answer: the upper respiratory tract has resident flora while the
lungs are (normally) a _______ environment
pharynx Answer: where the nasopharynx joins the oropharynx
- common passage for air and food
- descends to separation of the esophagus and trachea
- during infection, inflammation and swelling in this area
causes sore throat and painful swallowing
epiglottis Answer: cartilaginous; protects the opening into the
larynx (voice box) by flipping up or down during swallowing
or ventilation
larynx (voice box) Answer: epiglottis is cartilaginous; and protects the opening into the
_______ by flipping up or down during swallowing
or ventilation
larynx Answer: consists of cartilage + associated muscles
- largest is the thyroid cartilage (the "Adam's apple")
- glottis (true vocal cords and opening between them)
glottis Answer: true vocal cords and opening between them
Trachea (windpipe) Answer: provides structure, flexibility
- wall of the trachea contains 16-20 hyaline cartilage
rings, fibroelastic tissue, and smooth muscle
primary
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
STUDY WITH CONFIDENCE!
transporting oxygen from the air to blood and removing carbon dioxide from the blood Answer:
what two things does the respiratory system do
upper and lower respiratory tract Answer: what are the 2 areas of respiratory system
upper respiratory tract Answer: passageways
that conduct air from the atmosphere to
the lower respiratory tract
lower respiratory tract Answer: where gas
exchange takes place
nasal cavity Answer: hollow space behind the nose
Conchae/turbinates Answer: structures with highly
vascular mucosa that warms and moistens air
paranasal sinuses Answer: 4 pairs of these that are present in the nasal cavity
paranasal sinuses Answer: what does this?
help with mucus production
- air humidification
- voice resonance
- reduces weight of skull/facial bones
respiratory mucosa Answer: pseudostratified
ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet
cells that secrete mucus
cilia Answer: "sweep" the mucus and debris
out of the respiratory tract ("ciliary
escalator")
- note: smoking replaces ciliated epithelium with squamous cells, removing this layer of
protection
nasopharynx → larynx → trachea Answer: what is the pathway of airflow in the upper
respiratory tract
Pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) Answer: lymphoid tissue in posterior
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
, wall of nasopharynx - defense vs. inhaled things
- *proper breathing through nose and nasopharynx
warms, moistens, and filters air before reaching lungs
Palatine tonsils (tonsils) Answer: lymphoid tissue in posterior
portion of the oral cavity ("immune surveillance stations")
Two auditory (eustachian) tubes Answer: off the nasopharynx
- connect to middle ear - drain fluid, equalize air pressure
- when blocked, predisposition to spreading infection
from the upper respiratory tract
sterile Answer: the upper respiratory tract has resident flora while the
lungs are (normally) a _______ environment
pharynx Answer: where the nasopharynx joins the oropharynx
- common passage for air and food
- descends to separation of the esophagus and trachea
- during infection, inflammation and swelling in this area
causes sore throat and painful swallowing
epiglottis Answer: cartilaginous; protects the opening into the
larynx (voice box) by flipping up or down during swallowing
or ventilation
larynx (voice box) Answer: epiglottis is cartilaginous; and protects the opening into the
_______ by flipping up or down during swallowing
or ventilation
larynx Answer: consists of cartilage + associated muscles
- largest is the thyroid cartilage (the "Adam's apple")
- glottis (true vocal cords and opening between them)
glottis Answer: true vocal cords and opening between them
Trachea (windpipe) Answer: provides structure, flexibility
- wall of the trachea contains 16-20 hyaline cartilage
rings, fibroelastic tissue, and smooth muscle
primary
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
