NOTES
UNIT 2: SCIENCE
2025/12/10
VISCOSITY
Viscosity is a measure of how thick or sticky a fluid is.
• Moves slowly → HIGH viscosity.
• Moves fast → LOW viscosity.
• In the middle → MEDIUM viscosity.
• Warmed fluid → viscosity DECREASES.
• Cold fluid → viscosity INCREASES.
EXAMPLES
• Water = low viscosity (flows quicker).
• Honey = high viscosity (flows slower).
• Motor oil = medium viscosity; thicker than water but not as thick as honey.
VISCOSITY EXAMPLES
LOW VISCOSITY HIGH VISCOSITY
Water Molasses → very high viscosity
Milk Honey
Juice Smoothies
Soda Ketchup
Olive oil Mustard
Coffee BBQ sauce
Tea Cake batter
MASS, VOLUME & DENSITY
Mass is how much matter is in an object.
Volume is how much space that object takes up.
Density is a measure of how tightly packed the particles are in a substance.
DENSITY = MASS ÷ VOLUME
Density depends on how close/packed the particles are in a substance.
KEY IDEA An object with lots of mass but a small volume = HIGH density.
PARTICLE THEORY
SOLIDS LIQUIDS GASES
●●●●● → ● ● ● ● → ● ● ●
VERY CLOSE CLOSE FAR APART
UNIT 2 • SCIENCE
UNIT 2: SCIENCE
2025/12/10
VISCOSITY
Viscosity is a measure of how thick or sticky a fluid is.
• Moves slowly → HIGH viscosity.
• Moves fast → LOW viscosity.
• In the middle → MEDIUM viscosity.
• Warmed fluid → viscosity DECREASES.
• Cold fluid → viscosity INCREASES.
EXAMPLES
• Water = low viscosity (flows quicker).
• Honey = high viscosity (flows slower).
• Motor oil = medium viscosity; thicker than water but not as thick as honey.
VISCOSITY EXAMPLES
LOW VISCOSITY HIGH VISCOSITY
Water Molasses → very high viscosity
Milk Honey
Juice Smoothies
Soda Ketchup
Olive oil Mustard
Coffee BBQ sauce
Tea Cake batter
MASS, VOLUME & DENSITY
Mass is how much matter is in an object.
Volume is how much space that object takes up.
Density is a measure of how tightly packed the particles are in a substance.
DENSITY = MASS ÷ VOLUME
Density depends on how close/packed the particles are in a substance.
KEY IDEA An object with lots of mass but a small volume = HIGH density.
PARTICLE THEORY
SOLIDS LIQUIDS GASES
●●●●● → ● ● ● ● → ● ● ●
VERY CLOSE CLOSE FAR APART
UNIT 2 • SCIENCE
