Robbins Basic Pathology
10th Edition
Author(s)Vinay Kumar; MBBS; MD;
FRCPath; Abul K. Abbas; MBBS and
Jon C. Aster; MD; PhD
Print ISBN: 9780323353175
,Question 1
Which statement best describes the primary function of the genome
in a human cell?
A. It directly generates ATP for cellular work
B. It stores hereditary information that directs synthesis of cellular
proteins and functional RNAs
C. It provides structural support for the plasma membrane
D. It packages proteins for secretion outside the cell
,Correct Answer: B. It stores hereditary information that directs
synthesis of cellular proteins and functional RNAs
Rationale: The genome contains DNA that stores hereditary
information used to direct the production of proteins and functional
RNA molecules. ATP generation is primarily associated with metabolic
pathways and mitochondria, not DNA storage. The plasma membrane
provides structural and transport functions, while protein packaging
and processing are major functions of the Golgi apparatus.
Question 2
A cell produces a protein that has completed its function and must be
selectively degraded. Which cellular system is most directly
responsible for targeted degradation of many intracellular proteins?
A. Proteasome
B. Lysosome
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Nucleolus
Correct Answer: A. Proteasome
Rationale: The ubiquitin-proteasome system selectively degrades
many intracellular proteins that are damaged, misfolded, or no longer
needed. Lysosomes primarily degrade material delivered through
endocytic and autophagic pathways. The Golgi modifies and sorts
proteins, whereas the nucleolus is involved primarily in ribosomal
RNA synthesis and ribosome assembly.
Question 3
, Which cellular structure is the principal site of oxidative
phosphorylation and most aerobic ATP production?
A. Nucleus
B. Mitochondrion
C. Lysosome
D. Endoplasmic reticulum
Correct Answer: B. Mitochondrion
Rationale: Mitochondria generate most cellular ATP through oxidative
phosphorylation coupled to the electron transport chain. The nucleus
contains genomic DNA, lysosomes digest cellular material, and the
endoplasmic reticulum participates in protein and lipid synthesis.
Although glycolysis generates ATP, it occurs in the cytosol rather than
the mitochondria.
Question 4
A macrophage encounters a microbial product and rapidly increases
transcription of genes encoding inflammatory mediators. Which
process best explains this response?
A. Cellular activation through signaling pathways that alter gene
expression
B. Permanent loss of mitochondrial DNA
C. Passive diffusion of proteins through the plasma membrane
D. Degradation of all newly synthesized proteins
Correct Answer: A. Cellular activation through signaling pathways that
alter gene expression
10th Edition
Author(s)Vinay Kumar; MBBS; MD;
FRCPath; Abul K. Abbas; MBBS and
Jon C. Aster; MD; PhD
Print ISBN: 9780323353175
,Question 1
Which statement best describes the primary function of the genome
in a human cell?
A. It directly generates ATP for cellular work
B. It stores hereditary information that directs synthesis of cellular
proteins and functional RNAs
C. It provides structural support for the plasma membrane
D. It packages proteins for secretion outside the cell
,Correct Answer: B. It stores hereditary information that directs
synthesis of cellular proteins and functional RNAs
Rationale: The genome contains DNA that stores hereditary
information used to direct the production of proteins and functional
RNA molecules. ATP generation is primarily associated with metabolic
pathways and mitochondria, not DNA storage. The plasma membrane
provides structural and transport functions, while protein packaging
and processing are major functions of the Golgi apparatus.
Question 2
A cell produces a protein that has completed its function and must be
selectively degraded. Which cellular system is most directly
responsible for targeted degradation of many intracellular proteins?
A. Proteasome
B. Lysosome
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Nucleolus
Correct Answer: A. Proteasome
Rationale: The ubiquitin-proteasome system selectively degrades
many intracellular proteins that are damaged, misfolded, or no longer
needed. Lysosomes primarily degrade material delivered through
endocytic and autophagic pathways. The Golgi modifies and sorts
proteins, whereas the nucleolus is involved primarily in ribosomal
RNA synthesis and ribosome assembly.
Question 3
, Which cellular structure is the principal site of oxidative
phosphorylation and most aerobic ATP production?
A. Nucleus
B. Mitochondrion
C. Lysosome
D. Endoplasmic reticulum
Correct Answer: B. Mitochondrion
Rationale: Mitochondria generate most cellular ATP through oxidative
phosphorylation coupled to the electron transport chain. The nucleus
contains genomic DNA, lysosomes digest cellular material, and the
endoplasmic reticulum participates in protein and lipid synthesis.
Although glycolysis generates ATP, it occurs in the cytosol rather than
the mitochondria.
Question 4
A macrophage encounters a microbial product and rapidly increases
transcription of genes encoding inflammatory mediators. Which
process best explains this response?
A. Cellular activation through signaling pathways that alter gene
expression
B. Permanent loss of mitochondrial DNA
C. Passive diffusion of proteins through the plasma membrane
D. Degradation of all newly synthesized proteins
Correct Answer: A. Cellular activation through signaling pathways that
alter gene expression
