ATI RN Nutrition Edition 12.0 Exam 2026/2027 | 500
Verified Questions & Answers | ATI Testing Proctored
NGN Prep | 6 Core Domains | Instant Download
1. Which macronutrient provides the most energy per gram?
A) Carbohydrate
B) Protein
C) Fat
D) Alcohol
Answer: C
Rationale: Fat provides 9 kcal/g; carbohydrate and protein provide 4 kcal/g; alcohol provides 7 kcal/g.
2. A nurse is teaching a client about a high-fiber diet. Which food should the nurse recommend?
A) White bread
B) Whole-grain oats
C) White rice
D) Peeled apples
Answer: B
Rationale: Whole grains are high in fiber; refined grains and peeled fruits are low in fiber.
3. Which vitamin is synthesized in the skin upon exposure to sunlight?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin D
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin K
Answer: B
Rationale: UVB light converts 7-dehydrocholesterol to vitamin D3 in the skin.
,4. A client with chronic kidney disease should limit which nutrient?
A) Carbohydrate
B) Phosphorus
C) Fiber
D) Vitamin C
Answer: B
Rationale: CKD impairs phosphorus excretion; hyperphosphatemia requires dietary restriction.
5. Which food is the best source of iron?
A) Milk
B) Lean red meat
C) White bread
D) Apples
Answer: B
Rationale: Heme iron from animal sources is well absorbed; non-heme iron is less bioavailable.
6. A pregnant client should increase intake of which nutrient to prevent neural tube defects?
A) Iron
B) Folate
C) Calcium
D) Vitamin C
Answer: B
Rationale: Folic acid supplementation before and during early pregnancy reduces neural tube defects.
7. Which lab value reflects long-term glucose control?
A) Fasting glucose
2
,B) Hemoglobin A1c
C) Random glucose
D) Urine glucose
Answer: B
Rationale: HbA1c reflects average blood glucose over the past 2-3 months.
8. A client on a low-sodium diet should avoid which food?
A) Fresh chicken
B) Canned soup
C) Steamed rice
D) Fresh apple
Answer: B
Rationale: Canned soups are high in sodium; fresh foods are lower.
9. Which nutrient is essential for blood clotting?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin K
C) Vitamin E
D) Vitamin D
Answer: B
Rationale: Vitamin K is required for synthesis of clotting factors II, VII, IX, X.
10. A client with dysphagia should receive which diet?
A) Clear liquid
B) Mechanical soft
C) Full liquid
D) Regular
Answer: B
3
, Rationale: Mechanical soft diets are easier to chew and swallow; clear liquids are for short-term.
11. Which mineral is important for thyroid hormone synthesis?
A) Iron
B) Iodine
C) Zinc
D) Calcium
Answer: B
Rationale: Iodine is essential for synthesis of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).
12. A client with heart failure should restrict which electrolyte?
A) Potassium
B) Sodium
C) Calcium
D) Magnesium
Answer: B
Rationale: Sodium restriction reduces fluid retention in heart failure.
13. Which food is a complete protein?
A) Beans
B) Eggs
C) Rice
D) Nuts
Answer: B
Rationale: Eggs contain all essential amino acids; plant proteins are often incomplete.
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Verified Questions & Answers | ATI Testing Proctored
NGN Prep | 6 Core Domains | Instant Download
1. Which macronutrient provides the most energy per gram?
A) Carbohydrate
B) Protein
C) Fat
D) Alcohol
Answer: C
Rationale: Fat provides 9 kcal/g; carbohydrate and protein provide 4 kcal/g; alcohol provides 7 kcal/g.
2. A nurse is teaching a client about a high-fiber diet. Which food should the nurse recommend?
A) White bread
B) Whole-grain oats
C) White rice
D) Peeled apples
Answer: B
Rationale: Whole grains are high in fiber; refined grains and peeled fruits are low in fiber.
3. Which vitamin is synthesized in the skin upon exposure to sunlight?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin D
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin K
Answer: B
Rationale: UVB light converts 7-dehydrocholesterol to vitamin D3 in the skin.
,4. A client with chronic kidney disease should limit which nutrient?
A) Carbohydrate
B) Phosphorus
C) Fiber
D) Vitamin C
Answer: B
Rationale: CKD impairs phosphorus excretion; hyperphosphatemia requires dietary restriction.
5. Which food is the best source of iron?
A) Milk
B) Lean red meat
C) White bread
D) Apples
Answer: B
Rationale: Heme iron from animal sources is well absorbed; non-heme iron is less bioavailable.
6. A pregnant client should increase intake of which nutrient to prevent neural tube defects?
A) Iron
B) Folate
C) Calcium
D) Vitamin C
Answer: B
Rationale: Folic acid supplementation before and during early pregnancy reduces neural tube defects.
7. Which lab value reflects long-term glucose control?
A) Fasting glucose
2
,B) Hemoglobin A1c
C) Random glucose
D) Urine glucose
Answer: B
Rationale: HbA1c reflects average blood glucose over the past 2-3 months.
8. A client on a low-sodium diet should avoid which food?
A) Fresh chicken
B) Canned soup
C) Steamed rice
D) Fresh apple
Answer: B
Rationale: Canned soups are high in sodium; fresh foods are lower.
9. Which nutrient is essential for blood clotting?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin K
C) Vitamin E
D) Vitamin D
Answer: B
Rationale: Vitamin K is required for synthesis of clotting factors II, VII, IX, X.
10. A client with dysphagia should receive which diet?
A) Clear liquid
B) Mechanical soft
C) Full liquid
D) Regular
Answer: B
3
, Rationale: Mechanical soft diets are easier to chew and swallow; clear liquids are for short-term.
11. Which mineral is important for thyroid hormone synthesis?
A) Iron
B) Iodine
C) Zinc
D) Calcium
Answer: B
Rationale: Iodine is essential for synthesis of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).
12. A client with heart failure should restrict which electrolyte?
A) Potassium
B) Sodium
C) Calcium
D) Magnesium
Answer: B
Rationale: Sodium restriction reduces fluid retention in heart failure.
13. Which food is a complete protein?
A) Beans
B) Eggs
C) Rice
D) Nuts
Answer: B
Rationale: Eggs contain all essential amino acids; plant proteins are often incomplete.
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