Test Bank For Immunology & Serology in Laboratory Medicine, 8th Edition By Mary Louise Turgeon Comprehensive Examination Material .pdf

,CHAPTER 1: Foundations of Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems

PART I: MULTIPLE CHOICE (Q1–Q30)

Question 1: What is immunity?
A) The body's ability to resist and defend against foreign substances and infectious agents
B) The body's ability to produce hormones
C) The body's ability to digest food
D) The body's ability to regulate temperature
ANS: A
Rationale: Immunity is the body's ability to resist and defend against foreign substances and infectious
agents.

Question 2: What is the immune system?
A) A complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against foreign
substances
B) A single organ that produces antibodies
C) A system that only produces red blood cells
D) A system that only regulates metabolism
ANS: A
Rationale: The immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to
defend the body against foreign substances.

Question 3: What is innate immunity?
A) The first line of defense that is present at birth and provides immediate, non-specific protection
B) Immunity that develops after exposure to a specific pathogen
C) Immunity that is acquired through vaccination
D) Immunity that is passed from mother to fetus
ANS: A
Rationale: Innate immunity is the first line of defense that is present at birth and provides immediate,
non-specific protection.

Question 4: What is adaptive immunity?
A) Immunity that develops after exposure to a specific pathogen and provides specific, long-lasting
protection
B) Immunity that is present at birth
C) Immunity that provides immediate, non-specific protection
D) Immunity that is only temporary
ANS: A
Rationale: Adaptive immunity develops after exposure to a specific pathogen and provides specific, long-
lasting protection.

Question 5: What are the physical barriers of innate immunity?
A) Skin, mucous membranes, and cilia
B) Antibodies and T cells
C) B cells and plasma cells
D) Memory cells and effector cells

,ANS: A
Rationale: Physical barriers of innate immunity include skin, mucous membranes, and cilia.

Question 6: What are the chemical barriers of innate immunity?
A) Lysozyme, stomach acid, and antimicrobial peptides
B) Antibodies and T cells
C) B cells and plasma cells
D) Memory cells and effector cells
ANS: A
Rationale: Chemical barriers of innate immunity include lysozyme, stomach acid, and antimicrobial
peptides.

Question 7: What are the cellular components of innate immunity?
A) Neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells
B) B cells and T cells
C) Plasma cells and memory cells
D) Helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells
ANS: A
Rationale: Cellular components of innate immunity include neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells,
and natural killer cells.

Question 8: What is phagocytosis?
A) The process by which cells engulf and digest foreign particles
B) The process by which cells produce antibodies
C) The process by which cells present antigens
D) The process by which cells kill infected cells
ANS: A
Rationale: Phagocytosis is the process by which cells engulf and digest foreign particles.

Question 9: What is inflammation?
A) The body's response to injury or infection characterized by redness, heat, swelling, and pain
B) The body's response to vaccination
C) The body's response to allergens
D) The body's response to stress
ANS: A
Rationale: Inflammation is the body's response to injury or infection characterized by redness, heat,
swelling, and pain.

Question 10: What is fever?
A) An elevation of body temperature in response to infection
B) A decrease in body temperature
C) A normal body temperature
D) A response to allergens
ANS: A
Rationale: Fever is an elevation of body temperature in response to infection.

, Question 11: What are the characteristics of adaptive immunity?
A) Specificity, memory, and the ability to distinguish self from non-self
B) Non-specificity and immediate response
C) Lack of memory
D) Inability to distinguish self from non-self
ANS: A
Rationale: Adaptive immunity is characterized by specificity, memory, and the ability to distinguish self
from non-self.

Question 12: What are the two types of adaptive immunity?
A) Humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity
B) Innate immunity and acquired immunity
C) Active immunity and passive immunity
D) Natural immunity and artificial immunity
ANS: A
Rationale: The two types of adaptive immunity are humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity.

Question 13: What is humoral immunity?
A) Immunity mediated by antibodies produced by B cells
B) Immunity mediated by T cells
C) Immunity mediated by macrophages
D) Immunity mediated by neutrophils
ANS: A
Rationale: Humoral immunity is mediated by antibodies produced by B cells.

Question 14: What is cell-mediated immunity?
A) Immunity mediated by T cells
B) Immunity mediated by antibodies
C) Immunity mediated by macrophages
D) Immunity mediated by neutrophils
ANS: A
Rationale: Cell-mediated immunity is mediated by T cells.

Question 15: What are B cells?
A) Lymphocytes that produce antibodies
B) Lymphocytes that kill infected cells
C) Lymphocytes that help other immune cells
D) Lymphocytes that suppress immune responses
ANS: A
Rationale: B cells are lymphocytes that produce antibodies.

Question 16: What are T cells?
A) Lymphocytes that mediate cell-mediated immunity
B) Lymphocytes that produce antibodies
C) Lymphocytes that produce red blood cells
D) Lymphocytes that produce platelets