NR 547 FINAL EXAM
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND DETAILED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE THIS
YEAR JUST RELEASED
Question 1: Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease and other dementias
Answer:
1. Cholinesterase Inhibitors
2. NMDA Receptor Antagonist
3. Antipsychotics
4. SSRIs
Question 2: Cholinesterase Inhibitors
Answer:
First line treatment for mild to moderate AD, LBD, and VaD.
These drugs increase acetylcholine in the brain, which is essential
for memory and cognition
Donepezil (aricept)
Rivastigmine (Exelon)
Galantamine (Razadyne)
Best for Mild to Moderate Alzheimer's, Lewy body Dementia, and
Vascular Dementia.
Avoid in Frontotemporal Dementia (may worsen behavioral
symptoms)
Question 3: Donepezil (Aricept)
Answer:
,Dosage: 5-10mg/day
Common Side Effects: Nausea, Diarrhea, Insomnia, and
bradycardia
Best tolerated, once daily dosing
Question 4: Rivastigmine (Exelon)
Answer:
Dosage: 3-6mg BID oral
4.6-9.5mg/day patch
S/E: GI upset, dizziness, weight loss
Patch reduces GI effects
Question 5: Galantamine (Razadyne)
Answer:
Dose: 8-12mg BID
S/E: Nausea, bradycardia, Hypotension
May help with attention deficits
Question 6: Memantine (Namenda)
Answer:
,NMDA Receptor Antagonist
First line for moderate to Severe AD
Dose: 5-10mg BID (Start low and titrate)
MOA: Blocks excessive glutamate activity, preventing
neurotoxicity
S/E: Dizziness, confusion, constipation, headache
Can be combined with Donepezil (Aricept) and Memantine
(Namzric) for synergy
Question 7: Antipsychotics in the treatment of AD
Answer:
Second line and adjunctive treatment
For severe agitation, psychosis, or aggression
Preferred atypical antipsychotics:
Risperidone (risperdal) 0.5-1mg/day
Quetiapine (seroquel) 12.5mg-25mg/day
Olanzapine (Zyprexa) 2.5mg-5mg/day
Best for dementia related psychosis (paranoia, hallucinations)
Black Box Warning: Increased risk of stroke and mortality in
dementia patients
Question 8: SSRIs in the treatment of AD
Answer:
, For depression, anxiety, or irritability in dementia
Sertraline (Zoloft) 25-50mg/day
Citalopram (Celexa) 10-20mg/day
Best for depression in Alzheimer's, Vascular Dementia, or Lewy
Body Dementia
Avoid paroxetine (anticholinergic effects worsen cognition)
Question 9: Vascular Dementia Specific Treatment
Answer:
Cholinesterase Inhibitor +Treat vascular risk factors (HTN, DM,
Hyperlipidemia)
Aspirin or Clopidogrel (if stroke history)
Best for preventing ischemic damage
Question 10: Lewy Body Dementia Considerations
Answer:
Cholinesterase Inhibitors (Donepezil, Rivastigmine) = First Line
Avoid typical antipsychotics (eg haloperidol)= Causes severe EPS
Use Quetiapine or Clozapine if psychotic symptoms present
Question 11: Frontotemporal Dementia Considerations
Answer:
SSRIs (Sertraline, Citalopram)= First line for behavioral symptoms
Avoid Cholinesterase inhibitors (may worsen behavior)
Use Quetiapine or Clozapine if psychotic symptoms present
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND DETAILED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE THIS
YEAR JUST RELEASED
Question 1: Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease and other dementias
Answer:
1. Cholinesterase Inhibitors
2. NMDA Receptor Antagonist
3. Antipsychotics
4. SSRIs
Question 2: Cholinesterase Inhibitors
Answer:
First line treatment for mild to moderate AD, LBD, and VaD.
These drugs increase acetylcholine in the brain, which is essential
for memory and cognition
Donepezil (aricept)
Rivastigmine (Exelon)
Galantamine (Razadyne)
Best for Mild to Moderate Alzheimer's, Lewy body Dementia, and
Vascular Dementia.
Avoid in Frontotemporal Dementia (may worsen behavioral
symptoms)
Question 3: Donepezil (Aricept)
Answer:
,Dosage: 5-10mg/day
Common Side Effects: Nausea, Diarrhea, Insomnia, and
bradycardia
Best tolerated, once daily dosing
Question 4: Rivastigmine (Exelon)
Answer:
Dosage: 3-6mg BID oral
4.6-9.5mg/day patch
S/E: GI upset, dizziness, weight loss
Patch reduces GI effects
Question 5: Galantamine (Razadyne)
Answer:
Dose: 8-12mg BID
S/E: Nausea, bradycardia, Hypotension
May help with attention deficits
Question 6: Memantine (Namenda)
Answer:
,NMDA Receptor Antagonist
First line for moderate to Severe AD
Dose: 5-10mg BID (Start low and titrate)
MOA: Blocks excessive glutamate activity, preventing
neurotoxicity
S/E: Dizziness, confusion, constipation, headache
Can be combined with Donepezil (Aricept) and Memantine
(Namzric) for synergy
Question 7: Antipsychotics in the treatment of AD
Answer:
Second line and adjunctive treatment
For severe agitation, psychosis, or aggression
Preferred atypical antipsychotics:
Risperidone (risperdal) 0.5-1mg/day
Quetiapine (seroquel) 12.5mg-25mg/day
Olanzapine (Zyprexa) 2.5mg-5mg/day
Best for dementia related psychosis (paranoia, hallucinations)
Black Box Warning: Increased risk of stroke and mortality in
dementia patients
Question 8: SSRIs in the treatment of AD
Answer:
, For depression, anxiety, or irritability in dementia
Sertraline (Zoloft) 25-50mg/day
Citalopram (Celexa) 10-20mg/day
Best for depression in Alzheimer's, Vascular Dementia, or Lewy
Body Dementia
Avoid paroxetine (anticholinergic effects worsen cognition)
Question 9: Vascular Dementia Specific Treatment
Answer:
Cholinesterase Inhibitor +Treat vascular risk factors (HTN, DM,
Hyperlipidemia)
Aspirin or Clopidogrel (if stroke history)
Best for preventing ischemic damage
Question 10: Lewy Body Dementia Considerations
Answer:
Cholinesterase Inhibitors (Donepezil, Rivastigmine) = First Line
Avoid typical antipsychotics (eg haloperidol)= Causes severe EPS
Use Quetiapine or Clozapine if psychotic symptoms present
Question 11: Frontotemporal Dementia Considerations
Answer:
SSRIs (Sertraline, Citalopram)= First line for behavioral symptoms
Avoid Cholinesterase inhibitors (may worsen behavior)
Use Quetiapine or Clozapine if psychotic symptoms present
