Robbins Basic Pathology
10th Edition
Author(s)Vinay Kumar; MBBS; MD;
FRCPath; Abul K. Abbas; MBBS and
Jon C. Aster; MD; PhD
Print ISBN: 9780323353175
,Question 1
A researcher examines a normal human somatic cell and identifies a
structure that contains most of the cell's genetic information. Which
structure is primarily responsible for storing the cell's nuclear
genome?
A. Lysosome
B. Nucleus
,C. Golgi apparatus
D. Peroxisome
Correct Answer: B. Nucleus
Rationale: The nucleus contains most of the cell's genomic DNA
organized into chromosomes. Lysosomes digest cellular material, the
Golgi apparatus modifies and sorts proteins, and peroxisomes
participate in oxidative metabolic reactions.
Question 2
A mutation occurs in a gene that normally encodes a protein required
for maintaining the integrity of DNA. Which consequence is most
directly expected from loss of this gene's normal function?
A. Increased fidelity of DNA replication
B. Accumulation of genomic abnormalities
C. Increased lysosomal degradation
D. Enhanced extracellular matrix synthesis
Correct Answer: B. Accumulation of genomic abnormalities
Rationale: Genes involved in maintaining genome integrity help
detect, repair, or limit damage to DNA. Their dysfunction can permit
mutations and chromosome abnormalities to accumulate. Lysosomal
activity and extracellular matrix synthesis are not the primary
consequences of impaired genome maintenance.
Question 3
A cell produces large amounts of a secreted protein. Which organelle
is most directly involved in the initial synthesis of this protein?
, A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
B. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C. Lysosome
D. Peroxisome
Correct Answer: A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Rationale: Secreted proteins are synthesized by ribosomes attached to
the rough endoplasmic reticulum and then enter the secretory
pathway. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is more closely associated
with lipid synthesis and detoxification, while lysosomes and
peroxisomes perform other specialized functions.
Question 4
A cell contains damaged proteins and organelles that must be
removed and degraded. Which cellular structure is most directly
responsible for degrading material delivered to it through the
endocytic or autophagic pathways?
A. Nucleus
B. Lysosome
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Mitochondrion
Correct Answer: B. Lysosome
Rationale: Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that degrade
macromolecules and damaged cellular components. The nucleus
stores genetic material, the Golgi apparatus processes and sorts
proteins, and mitochondria are primarily involved in energy
production.
10th Edition
Author(s)Vinay Kumar; MBBS; MD;
FRCPath; Abul K. Abbas; MBBS and
Jon C. Aster; MD; PhD
Print ISBN: 9780323353175
,Question 1
A researcher examines a normal human somatic cell and identifies a
structure that contains most of the cell's genetic information. Which
structure is primarily responsible for storing the cell's nuclear
genome?
A. Lysosome
B. Nucleus
,C. Golgi apparatus
D. Peroxisome
Correct Answer: B. Nucleus
Rationale: The nucleus contains most of the cell's genomic DNA
organized into chromosomes. Lysosomes digest cellular material, the
Golgi apparatus modifies and sorts proteins, and peroxisomes
participate in oxidative metabolic reactions.
Question 2
A mutation occurs in a gene that normally encodes a protein required
for maintaining the integrity of DNA. Which consequence is most
directly expected from loss of this gene's normal function?
A. Increased fidelity of DNA replication
B. Accumulation of genomic abnormalities
C. Increased lysosomal degradation
D. Enhanced extracellular matrix synthesis
Correct Answer: B. Accumulation of genomic abnormalities
Rationale: Genes involved in maintaining genome integrity help
detect, repair, or limit damage to DNA. Their dysfunction can permit
mutations and chromosome abnormalities to accumulate. Lysosomal
activity and extracellular matrix synthesis are not the primary
consequences of impaired genome maintenance.
Question 3
A cell produces large amounts of a secreted protein. Which organelle
is most directly involved in the initial synthesis of this protein?
, A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
B. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C. Lysosome
D. Peroxisome
Correct Answer: A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Rationale: Secreted proteins are synthesized by ribosomes attached to
the rough endoplasmic reticulum and then enter the secretory
pathway. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is more closely associated
with lipid synthesis and detoxification, while lysosomes and
peroxisomes perform other specialized functions.
Question 4
A cell contains damaged proteins and organelles that must be
removed and degraded. Which cellular structure is most directly
responsible for degrading material delivered to it through the
endocytic or autophagic pathways?
A. Nucleus
B. Lysosome
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Mitochondrion
Correct Answer: B. Lysosome
Rationale: Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that degrade
macromolecules and damaged cellular components. The nucleus
stores genetic material, the Golgi apparatus processes and sorts
proteins, and mitochondria are primarily involved in energy
production.
