Robbins Basic Pathology
10th Edition
Author(s)Vinay Kumar; MBBS; MD;
FRCPath; Abul K. Abbas; MBBS and
Jon C. Aster; MD; PhD
Print ISBN: 9780323353175
,Question 1
A researcher is examining a human cell and identifies DNA organized
into functional units that contain the information required to produce
specific proteins or functional RNA molecules. Which structure most
directly contains this genetic information?
A. Lysosome
B. Gene
,C. Ribosome
D. Peroxisome
Correct Answer: B. Gene
Rationale: A gene is a functional unit of heredity that contains DNA
sequences encoding a functional product, such as a protein or RNA.
Lysosomes and peroxisomes are organelles involved in degradation
and metabolic processes, respectively, while ribosomes synthesize
proteins but do not contain the genetic instructions for them.
Question 2
A patient has a disorder caused by failure of a cellular organelle to
digest material delivered to it by endocytosis. Which organelle is
primarily responsible for this intracellular degradation?
A. Lysosome
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Ribosome
D. Nucleus
Correct Answer: A. Lysosome
Rationale: Lysosomes contain acid hydrolases that degrade
macromolecules and cellular debris within an acidic intracellular
compartment. The Golgi apparatus modifies and sorts proteins,
ribosomes synthesize proteins, and the nucleus contains the genome
and regulates gene expression.
Question 3
A cell requires large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to
maintain its normal functions. Which organelle is the principal site of
aerobic ATP production?
, A. Nucleus
B. Mitochondrion
C. Lysosome
D. Golgi apparatus
Correct Answer: B. Mitochondrion
Rationale: Mitochondria generate most cellular ATP through oxidative
phosphorylation. The nucleus primarily manages genetic information,
lysosomes perform intracellular digestion, and the Golgi apparatus
processes and sorts proteins and lipids.
Question 4
A cell exposed to a hormone increases its activity after the hormone
binds to a specific protein on the cell surface. What is the primary
function of this protein?
A. Store cellular DNA
B. Act as a receptor for the signaling molecule
C. Digest extracellular proteins
D. Produce ATP
Correct Answer: B. Act as a receptor for the signaling molecule
Rationale: Receptors recognize extracellular signaling molecules and
initiate intracellular responses after ligand binding. They do not
primarily store DNA, digest extracellular proteins, or generate ATP.
Question 5
A mutation prevents a cell from responding to a normally circulating
growth factor. The growth factor is present at an appropriate
concentration, but the cell shows no response. Which defect most
directly explains this finding?
10th Edition
Author(s)Vinay Kumar; MBBS; MD;
FRCPath; Abul K. Abbas; MBBS and
Jon C. Aster; MD; PhD
Print ISBN: 9780323353175
,Question 1
A researcher is examining a human cell and identifies DNA organized
into functional units that contain the information required to produce
specific proteins or functional RNA molecules. Which structure most
directly contains this genetic information?
A. Lysosome
B. Gene
,C. Ribosome
D. Peroxisome
Correct Answer: B. Gene
Rationale: A gene is a functional unit of heredity that contains DNA
sequences encoding a functional product, such as a protein or RNA.
Lysosomes and peroxisomes are organelles involved in degradation
and metabolic processes, respectively, while ribosomes synthesize
proteins but do not contain the genetic instructions for them.
Question 2
A patient has a disorder caused by failure of a cellular organelle to
digest material delivered to it by endocytosis. Which organelle is
primarily responsible for this intracellular degradation?
A. Lysosome
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Ribosome
D. Nucleus
Correct Answer: A. Lysosome
Rationale: Lysosomes contain acid hydrolases that degrade
macromolecules and cellular debris within an acidic intracellular
compartment. The Golgi apparatus modifies and sorts proteins,
ribosomes synthesize proteins, and the nucleus contains the genome
and regulates gene expression.
Question 3
A cell requires large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to
maintain its normal functions. Which organelle is the principal site of
aerobic ATP production?
, A. Nucleus
B. Mitochondrion
C. Lysosome
D. Golgi apparatus
Correct Answer: B. Mitochondrion
Rationale: Mitochondria generate most cellular ATP through oxidative
phosphorylation. The nucleus primarily manages genetic information,
lysosomes perform intracellular digestion, and the Golgi apparatus
processes and sorts proteins and lipids.
Question 4
A cell exposed to a hormone increases its activity after the hormone
binds to a specific protein on the cell surface. What is the primary
function of this protein?
A. Store cellular DNA
B. Act as a receptor for the signaling molecule
C. Digest extracellular proteins
D. Produce ATP
Correct Answer: B. Act as a receptor for the signaling molecule
Rationale: Receptors recognize extracellular signaling molecules and
initiate intracellular responses after ligand binding. They do not
primarily store DNA, digest extracellular proteins, or generate ATP.
Question 5
A mutation prevents a cell from responding to a normally circulating
growth factor. The growth factor is present at an appropriate
concentration, but the cell shows no response. Which defect most
directly explains this finding?
