Robbins Basic Pathology
10th Edition
Author(s)Vinay Kumar; MBBS; MD;
FRCPath; Abul K. Abbas; MBBS and
Jon C. Aster; MD; PhD
Print ISBN: 9780323353175
,Question 1
A researcher examines a normal human somatic cell and identifies the
structure that contains the complete set of genetic instructions
governing cellular function. Which structure is the primary repository
of this information?
A. Lysosome
B. Nucleus
,C. Golgi apparatus
D. Peroxisome
Correct Answer: B. Nucleus
Rationale: The nucleus contains the chromosomes and therefore
serves as the principal repository of the cell's genome in a typical
somatic cell. The lysosome contains hydrolytic enzymes, the Golgi
apparatus modifies and sorts proteins, and the peroxisome
participates in oxidation reactions.
Question 2
A mutation occurs in a gene that encodes a protein required for
normal cellular function. Which consequence is most directly related
to the mutation?
A. Alteration of the amino acid sequence or amount of the encoded
protein
B. Immediate destruction of all cellular organelles
C. Permanent inhibition of all ATP production
D. Complete loss of the extracellular matrix
Correct Answer: A. Alteration of the amino acid sequence or amount
of the encoded protein
Rationale: A gene mutation can alter the structure, function, stability,
or expression of its protein product. Mutations do not necessarily
destroy organelles, eliminate all ATP production, or directly remove
the extracellular matrix.
Question 3
A cell internalizes a protein from the extracellular environment and
subsequently delivers it to a lysosome for degradation. Which cellular
, process is primarily responsible for this intracellular disposal
pathway?
A. Endocytosis followed by lysosomal degradation
B. DNA replication followed by transcription
C. Oxidative phosphorylation followed by translation
D. Exocytosis followed by proteasomal degradation
Correct Answer: A. Endocytosis followed by lysosomal degradation
Rationale: Endocytosis allows cells to internalize extracellular
material, which can then enter endosomal and lysosomal pathways
for degradation. DNA replication, transcription, and oxidative
phosphorylation are unrelated to this trafficking process, while
exocytosis exports material rather than bringing it into the cell.
Question 4
Which organelle is primarily responsible for generating most cellular
ATP through oxidative phosphorylation under aerobic conditions?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Lysosome
C. Mitochondrion
D. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Correct Answer: C. Mitochondrion
Rationale: Mitochondria generate most cellular ATP through oxidative
phosphorylation by using an electron transport chain and proton
gradient. The Golgi apparatus processes proteins, lysosomes digest
cellular material, and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in
lipid synthesis and other metabolic functions.
10th Edition
Author(s)Vinay Kumar; MBBS; MD;
FRCPath; Abul K. Abbas; MBBS and
Jon C. Aster; MD; PhD
Print ISBN: 9780323353175
,Question 1
A researcher examines a normal human somatic cell and identifies the
structure that contains the complete set of genetic instructions
governing cellular function. Which structure is the primary repository
of this information?
A. Lysosome
B. Nucleus
,C. Golgi apparatus
D. Peroxisome
Correct Answer: B. Nucleus
Rationale: The nucleus contains the chromosomes and therefore
serves as the principal repository of the cell's genome in a typical
somatic cell. The lysosome contains hydrolytic enzymes, the Golgi
apparatus modifies and sorts proteins, and the peroxisome
participates in oxidation reactions.
Question 2
A mutation occurs in a gene that encodes a protein required for
normal cellular function. Which consequence is most directly related
to the mutation?
A. Alteration of the amino acid sequence or amount of the encoded
protein
B. Immediate destruction of all cellular organelles
C. Permanent inhibition of all ATP production
D. Complete loss of the extracellular matrix
Correct Answer: A. Alteration of the amino acid sequence or amount
of the encoded protein
Rationale: A gene mutation can alter the structure, function, stability,
or expression of its protein product. Mutations do not necessarily
destroy organelles, eliminate all ATP production, or directly remove
the extracellular matrix.
Question 3
A cell internalizes a protein from the extracellular environment and
subsequently delivers it to a lysosome for degradation. Which cellular
, process is primarily responsible for this intracellular disposal
pathway?
A. Endocytosis followed by lysosomal degradation
B. DNA replication followed by transcription
C. Oxidative phosphorylation followed by translation
D. Exocytosis followed by proteasomal degradation
Correct Answer: A. Endocytosis followed by lysosomal degradation
Rationale: Endocytosis allows cells to internalize extracellular
material, which can then enter endosomal and lysosomal pathways
for degradation. DNA replication, transcription, and oxidative
phosphorylation are unrelated to this trafficking process, while
exocytosis exports material rather than bringing it into the cell.
Question 4
Which organelle is primarily responsible for generating most cellular
ATP through oxidative phosphorylation under aerobic conditions?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Lysosome
C. Mitochondrion
D. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Correct Answer: C. Mitochondrion
Rationale: Mitochondria generate most cellular ATP through oxidative
phosphorylation by using an electron transport chain and proton
gradient. The Golgi apparatus processes proteins, lysosomes digest
cellular material, and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in
lipid synthesis and other metabolic functions.
