Techniques + Statistics –
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, A company developed a smartphone whose average a sample
lifetime is unknown. In order to estimate the average, 200
smartphones are randomly selected from a large
production line and tested; their average is found to be 5
years. The 200 smartphones represent:
Significance level Measures the reliability of a statistical inference
inferential statistics Process of using sample statistics (mathematics) to draw conclusions about
population parameters
mutually exclusive Events that cannot occur at the same time.
sampling error the difference between the results of random samples taken at the same time
non-sampling error occurs when the sample data are incorrectly collected, recorded, or analyzed. Three
types of errors: data acquisition errors, non-response errors (or bias), selection bias
Design of a good survey components short survey, short/simple questions, start with demographic questions, ues
dichtomous (yes-no) and multiple choice
Direct observation example: counts backpacks on campus for a day
stratified random sample a sample from selected subgroups of the target population in which everyone in
those subgroups has an equal chance of being included in the research
example: The manager of a customer service division wants to know if the
customers in the past 12 months are satisfied with their purchase of CD's. There
are four types of CD's.
Joint Probability the probability of the intersection of two events
Union of two events The union of events A and B is the event containing all sample points that are in A
or B or both
Marginal Probability the probability of a single event without consideration of any other event