Kuby Immunology Exam Questions and Verified Answers 2026/27 Graded A+
Immunity - a state of protection from infectious disease
Variolation - dried crusts derived from smallpox pustules were either inhaled or inserted
into small cuts in the skin
Edward Jenner - made smallpox vaccine from cowpox
Louis Pasteur - grew bacterium that caused fowl cholera
Herd Immunity - the decrease in likelihood that a person will become infected with a
pathogen if the majority of the population is vaccinated and immune
Phagocytes - certain white bloods cells that ingest microorganisms and other foreign
material
Cell Mediated Immunity - When Metchinikoff noticed that these cells were more active in
animals that were immunized, therefore thought cells rather than serum were major effectors of
immunity
Antibodies - the soluble active molecules in the immunoglobulin fraction of serum
,Humoral Immunity - the immunologic events that the antibodies (produced by B cells)
participated in
Antiserum - the antibody-containing serum fraction from a pathogen-exposed individual
Passive Immunity - the transferring of immunoglobulins to treat a disease that the
individual did not make on his or her own. short lived and limited.
Active Immunity - the administration of a vaccine to induce one's own immunity.
long lived protection comes from memory cells that provides protection for years.
Lymphocyte - a type of white blood cell that is responsible for both cellular and humoral
immunity.
Antigen - any substance that elicits a specific response by B or T lymphocytes.
Clonal Selection Theory - an individual B or T lymphocyte expresses many copies of
membrane receptor that is specific for a single, distinct antigen.
Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes - detect changes that occur within the host cell by binding to
the viral proteins present in the cytosol and initiate an early warning system to alert the cell about
the invader.
, T Helper Cells - Guide the behavior of other immune cells and are pivotal for selecting the
pathway taken by the immune response
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) - Common foreign structures that
characterize whole groups of pathogens and what the immune system frequently recognizes first.
Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) - Proteins encoded in the genomic DNA and are
always expressed by many different immune cells. First line of defense for the quick detection of
many of the typical chemical identifiers carried by the most common invaders and bind to
PAMPs.
Generation of Diversity - To favor randomness in the design of some recognition
molecules.
B-Cell Receptors - Recognition molecules that are in B cells and are antibodies in their
secreted form.
T-Cell Receptors - Recognition molecules that are in T cells and have no soluble form.
Tolerance - Immune system's diversity strategy to avoid accidentally recognizing and
destroying host tissue that relies on self/non-self discrimination.
Immunity - a state of protection from infectious disease
Variolation - dried crusts derived from smallpox pustules were either inhaled or inserted
into small cuts in the skin
Edward Jenner - made smallpox vaccine from cowpox
Louis Pasteur - grew bacterium that caused fowl cholera
Herd Immunity - the decrease in likelihood that a person will become infected with a
pathogen if the majority of the population is vaccinated and immune
Phagocytes - certain white bloods cells that ingest microorganisms and other foreign
material
Cell Mediated Immunity - When Metchinikoff noticed that these cells were more active in
animals that were immunized, therefore thought cells rather than serum were major effectors of
immunity
Antibodies - the soluble active molecules in the immunoglobulin fraction of serum
,Humoral Immunity - the immunologic events that the antibodies (produced by B cells)
participated in
Antiserum - the antibody-containing serum fraction from a pathogen-exposed individual
Passive Immunity - the transferring of immunoglobulins to treat a disease that the
individual did not make on his or her own. short lived and limited.
Active Immunity - the administration of a vaccine to induce one's own immunity.
long lived protection comes from memory cells that provides protection for years.
Lymphocyte - a type of white blood cell that is responsible for both cellular and humoral
immunity.
Antigen - any substance that elicits a specific response by B or T lymphocytes.
Clonal Selection Theory - an individual B or T lymphocyte expresses many copies of
membrane receptor that is specific for a single, distinct antigen.
Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes - detect changes that occur within the host cell by binding to
the viral proteins present in the cytosol and initiate an early warning system to alert the cell about
the invader.
, T Helper Cells - Guide the behavior of other immune cells and are pivotal for selecting the
pathway taken by the immune response
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) - Common foreign structures that
characterize whole groups of pathogens and what the immune system frequently recognizes first.
Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) - Proteins encoded in the genomic DNA and are
always expressed by many different immune cells. First line of defense for the quick detection of
many of the typical chemical identifiers carried by the most common invaders and bind to
PAMPs.
Generation of Diversity - To favor randomness in the design of some recognition
molecules.
B-Cell Receptors - Recognition molecules that are in B cells and are antibodies in their
secreted form.
T-Cell Receptors - Recognition molecules that are in T cells and have no soluble form.
Tolerance - Immune system's diversity strategy to avoid accidentally recognizing and
destroying host tissue that relies on self/non-self discrimination.
