Unit 8 Gases
Key Terms
kinetic molecular theory (KMT) of gases amount (n) volume (V)
temperature (T) pressure (P) atmospheric pressure
Boyle’s Law Gay-Lussac’s Law Charles’s Law
the combined gas law
Problem Checklist
8.1. Describe the behaviour of the particles in a gas (kinetic molecular theory KMT)
8.2. State Boyle’s law, Gay-Lussac’s Law, and Charles’ Law. Identify examples of each and explain by
referring to KMT
8.3. Solve problems using Boyle’s Law, Gay-Lussac’s Law, and Charles’ Law (initial and final conditions)
8.4. Solve problems using the combined gas law
Textbook Problems Textbook Section Relevant Practice Problems
8.1 Properties of Gases p.280 8.1, 8.3, 8.5
Understanding the Concepts p.304 8.79
8.2 Pressure and Volume (Boyle’s Law) p.283 8.9, 8.11a, 8.13, 8.15, 8.17ab, 8.19, 8.21,
Understanding the Concepts 8.23
p.304 8.83
8.3 Temperature and Volume (Charles’s Law) p.285 8.25, 8.27, 8.29, 8.31
8.4 Temperature and Pressure (Gay-Lussac’s Law) p.288 8.35a, 8.37, 8.39
Additional Practice Problems p.305 8.87
8.5 The Combined Gas Law p.290 8.41, 8.45
Chapter 8 Answers p.306
, Notes – Unit 8 Gases
Contents
Unit 8 Gases .................................................................................................................................................. 1
8.1 Properties of Gases ................................................................................................................................ 2
Kinetic Molecular Theory .......................................................................................................................... 2
Properties That Describe a Gas ................................................................................................................. 3
Atmospheric Pressure ............................................................................................................................... 4
8.2 Pressure and Volume (Boyle’s Law)........................................................................................................ 4
Boyle’s Law and Breathing ........................................................................................................................ 5
Calculations Using Boyle’s Law.................................................................................................................. 6
8.3 Temperature and Volume (Charles’s Law).............................................................................................. 8
Calculations Using Charles’s Law............................................................................................................... 9
8.4 Temperature and Pressure (Gay-Lussac’s Law) ..................................................................................... 10
Calculations Using Gay-Lussac’s Law ....................................................................................................... 11
Vapor Pressure and Boiling Point ............................................................................................................ 12
8.5 The Combined Gas Law ......................................................................................................................... 13
Calculations Using Combined Gas Law ................................................................................................... 14
8.1 Properties of Gases
Kinetic Molecular Theory
• A gas consists of small particles
• Almost no attractive (or repulsive) forces between
molecules.
• Particles are far apart
• Particles move rapidly in straight lines.
• have a Kelvin temperature proportionate to the average
kinetic energy of the molecules.
Gas particles moving in
straight lines within a
container exert pressure when
they collide with the walls of
the container.
Key Terms
kinetic molecular theory (KMT) of gases amount (n) volume (V)
temperature (T) pressure (P) atmospheric pressure
Boyle’s Law Gay-Lussac’s Law Charles’s Law
the combined gas law
Problem Checklist
8.1. Describe the behaviour of the particles in a gas (kinetic molecular theory KMT)
8.2. State Boyle’s law, Gay-Lussac’s Law, and Charles’ Law. Identify examples of each and explain by
referring to KMT
8.3. Solve problems using Boyle’s Law, Gay-Lussac’s Law, and Charles’ Law (initial and final conditions)
8.4. Solve problems using the combined gas law
Textbook Problems Textbook Section Relevant Practice Problems
8.1 Properties of Gases p.280 8.1, 8.3, 8.5
Understanding the Concepts p.304 8.79
8.2 Pressure and Volume (Boyle’s Law) p.283 8.9, 8.11a, 8.13, 8.15, 8.17ab, 8.19, 8.21,
Understanding the Concepts 8.23
p.304 8.83
8.3 Temperature and Volume (Charles’s Law) p.285 8.25, 8.27, 8.29, 8.31
8.4 Temperature and Pressure (Gay-Lussac’s Law) p.288 8.35a, 8.37, 8.39
Additional Practice Problems p.305 8.87
8.5 The Combined Gas Law p.290 8.41, 8.45
Chapter 8 Answers p.306
, Notes – Unit 8 Gases
Contents
Unit 8 Gases .................................................................................................................................................. 1
8.1 Properties of Gases ................................................................................................................................ 2
Kinetic Molecular Theory .......................................................................................................................... 2
Properties That Describe a Gas ................................................................................................................. 3
Atmospheric Pressure ............................................................................................................................... 4
8.2 Pressure and Volume (Boyle’s Law)........................................................................................................ 4
Boyle’s Law and Breathing ........................................................................................................................ 5
Calculations Using Boyle’s Law.................................................................................................................. 6
8.3 Temperature and Volume (Charles’s Law).............................................................................................. 8
Calculations Using Charles’s Law............................................................................................................... 9
8.4 Temperature and Pressure (Gay-Lussac’s Law) ..................................................................................... 10
Calculations Using Gay-Lussac’s Law ....................................................................................................... 11
Vapor Pressure and Boiling Point ............................................................................................................ 12
8.5 The Combined Gas Law ......................................................................................................................... 13
Calculations Using Combined Gas Law ................................................................................................... 14
8.1 Properties of Gases
Kinetic Molecular Theory
• A gas consists of small particles
• Almost no attractive (or repulsive) forces between
molecules.
• Particles are far apart
• Particles move rapidly in straight lines.
• have a Kelvin temperature proportionate to the average
kinetic energy of the molecules.
Gas particles moving in
straight lines within a
container exert pressure when
they collide with the walls of
the container.
