NUR 257 PEDIATRIC NURSING FINAL
EXAM 2026/2027 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
2026/2027 UPDATE
1. A 4-year-old child is admitted with suspected epiglottitis. Which nursing action is the
highest priority?
A. Obtain a throat culture to identify the causative organism.
B. Keep the child calm and avoid invasive procedures until the airway is secured.
C. Assess the child’s throat using a tongue depressor.
D. Place the child in a supine position to facilitate breathing.
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: In epiglottitis, any throat irritation (like a tongue depressor or
culture swab) can trigger laryngospasm and total airway obstruction. Keeping the child
calm and upright is essential until emergency airway equipment is ready.
2. A newborn is diagnosed with Tetralogy of Fallot. The nurse observes the infant becoming
cyanotic and agitated during a blood draw. Which action should the nurse take first?
A. Administer 100% oxygen via face mask.
B. Prepare a dose of Morphine sulfate.
,C. Place the infant in the knee-chest position.
D. Call the Rapid Response Team immediately.
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: The knee-chest position increases systemic vascular resistance,
which reduces the right-to-left shunt and improves oxygenation during a hypercyanotic
(‘Tet’) spell.
3. A child with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is receiving pancrelipase. How should the nurse instruct the
parents to administer this medication?
A. Administer the enzymes 2 hours after every meal.
B. Crush the beads and mix them with milk.
C. Only give the enzymes if the child consumes high-fat foods.
D. Give the enzymes with every meal and snack.
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Pancreatic enzymes must be taken with all meals and snacks to
ensure the digestion and absorption of nutrients, as CF patients lack endogenous enzymes.
4. Which developmental milestone should the nurse expect a 12-month-old infant to have
achieved?
A. Using a pincer grasp to pick up small objects.
B. Walking independently without support.
, C. Building a tower of six blocks.
D. Speaking in four-word sentences.
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: A neat pincer grasp is typically developed by 10 to 12 months.
While some infants walk at 12 months, many do not walk independently until 13-15
months; the pincer grasp is a more consistent 12-month milestone.
5. A 6-year-old is hospitalized with acute glomerulonephritis. Which assessment finding is
most important for the nurse to monitor?
A. Body temperature.
B. Urine specific gravity.
C. Blood pressure.
D. Frequency of bowel movements.
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Hypertension is a significant complication of acute
glomerulonephritis due to fluid retention. Monitoring BP is vital to prevent hypertensive
encephalopathy.
6. A toddler is admitted with Intussusception. Which type of stool would the nurse expect to
find documented in the medical record?
A. Ribbon-like, foul-smelling stools.
EXAM 2026/2027 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
2026/2027 UPDATE
1. A 4-year-old child is admitted with suspected epiglottitis. Which nursing action is the
highest priority?
A. Obtain a throat culture to identify the causative organism.
B. Keep the child calm and avoid invasive procedures until the airway is secured.
C. Assess the child’s throat using a tongue depressor.
D. Place the child in a supine position to facilitate breathing.
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: In epiglottitis, any throat irritation (like a tongue depressor or
culture swab) can trigger laryngospasm and total airway obstruction. Keeping the child
calm and upright is essential until emergency airway equipment is ready.
2. A newborn is diagnosed with Tetralogy of Fallot. The nurse observes the infant becoming
cyanotic and agitated during a blood draw. Which action should the nurse take first?
A. Administer 100% oxygen via face mask.
B. Prepare a dose of Morphine sulfate.
,C. Place the infant in the knee-chest position.
D. Call the Rapid Response Team immediately.
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: The knee-chest position increases systemic vascular resistance,
which reduces the right-to-left shunt and improves oxygenation during a hypercyanotic
(‘Tet’) spell.
3. A child with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is receiving pancrelipase. How should the nurse instruct the
parents to administer this medication?
A. Administer the enzymes 2 hours after every meal.
B. Crush the beads and mix them with milk.
C. Only give the enzymes if the child consumes high-fat foods.
D. Give the enzymes with every meal and snack.
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Pancreatic enzymes must be taken with all meals and snacks to
ensure the digestion and absorption of nutrients, as CF patients lack endogenous enzymes.
4. Which developmental milestone should the nurse expect a 12-month-old infant to have
achieved?
A. Using a pincer grasp to pick up small objects.
B. Walking independently without support.
, C. Building a tower of six blocks.
D. Speaking in four-word sentences.
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: A neat pincer grasp is typically developed by 10 to 12 months.
While some infants walk at 12 months, many do not walk independently until 13-15
months; the pincer grasp is a more consistent 12-month milestone.
5. A 6-year-old is hospitalized with acute glomerulonephritis. Which assessment finding is
most important for the nurse to monitor?
A. Body temperature.
B. Urine specific gravity.
C. Blood pressure.
D. Frequency of bowel movements.
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Hypertension is a significant complication of acute
glomerulonephritis due to fluid retention. Monitoring BP is vital to prevent hypertensive
encephalopathy.
6. A toddler is admitted with Intussusception. Which type of stool would the nurse expect to
find documented in the medical record?
A. Ribbon-like, foul-smelling stools.
