NUR 641E Final Exam Questions with Correct Answers (Grade A+)
Question 1: Pharmacokinetics involves
Answer: a: Absorption: absorption from the administration site either directly or indirectly into the
blood/plasma. b: Distribution: reversibly or irreversibly move from the bloodstream into the interstitial and
intracellular fluid. c: Metabolism: biotransformed via hepatic metabolism or by other tissues. d:
Elimination: the drug and its metabolites are eliminated from the body
Question 2: The route of administration with the highest bioavailability is
Answer: Intravenous, putting an entire dose into a patient's vein and bypassing absorption
Question 3: Intravenous route avoids
Answer: First-pass metabolism in the liver
Question 4: Rectal administration has
Answer: variable and erratic absorption
Question 5: Steady State (SS) is usually reached within
Answer: 4-5 half-lives of a drug
Question 6: Half-life of a drug is
Answer: How long it takes for the drug to be excreted from the body - determines how frequently the drug
must be administered - predicts how long toxic effects can last
Question 7: First-order (linear) pharmacokinetics means
Answer: The metabolism is directly proportional to the free concentration of the drug
Question 8: Zero-order (nonlinear) pharmacokinetics means
Answer: A drug is metabolized at a constant rate per unit time
Question 9: CYP3A4 substrate drugs may have a decreased activity if
Answer: Any CYP3A4 inducer drugs are used along with it
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, Question 10: Drug development process involves these steps according to the FDA
Answer: a: Discovery: laboratory research to develop the new drugs b: Preclinical research with animal
testing for safety c: Clinical research on healthy human subjects to assess medication pharmacokinetics
(Phase 1) d: Clinical research in humans primarily for medication safety, usually in a population for which
the treatment is intended (Phase 2) e: Clinical research in humans comparing the new drug to accept
medications or placebo for efficacy and safety (Phase 3) f: FDA review of the results to determine approval
g: Post marketing study to identify adverse effects not found in earlier clinical studies (Phase 4)
Question 11: Medication safety organizations include the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the
Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP), and the Joint Commission on Accreditation of
Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO)
Answer: a: The Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) b: The Institute of Medicine (IOM) c: The
Joint Commission d: The National Coordinating Counsil for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention
(NCC MERP) e: Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Safe Use Initiative
Question 12: Two basic types of adverse drug reactions (ADRs)
Answer: Pharmacological and Idiosyncratic
Question 13: Percent of adverse drug reactions that are pharmacological
Answer: 85%-90%
Question 14: Adverse drug reactions are usually
Answer: Preventable, frequently occur in a hospital or nursing home setting, and include medication errors,
adverse drug effects, and allergic and idiosyncratic type reactions
Question 15: Are adverse drug reactions commonly reported
Answer: No, ADRs are not commonly reported, the FDA does not mandate that ADRs be reported
Question 16: Polypharmacy
Answer: Involves using multiple health care providers for care, using multiple medications, and using
several pharmacies for prescription filling
Question 17: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs)
Answer: Lisinopril, Captopril, Enalapril, Ramipril, Benazepril, Fosinopril
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Question 1: Pharmacokinetics involves
Answer: a: Absorption: absorption from the administration site either directly or indirectly into the
blood/plasma. b: Distribution: reversibly or irreversibly move from the bloodstream into the interstitial and
intracellular fluid. c: Metabolism: biotransformed via hepatic metabolism or by other tissues. d:
Elimination: the drug and its metabolites are eliminated from the body
Question 2: The route of administration with the highest bioavailability is
Answer: Intravenous, putting an entire dose into a patient's vein and bypassing absorption
Question 3: Intravenous route avoids
Answer: First-pass metabolism in the liver
Question 4: Rectal administration has
Answer: variable and erratic absorption
Question 5: Steady State (SS) is usually reached within
Answer: 4-5 half-lives of a drug
Question 6: Half-life of a drug is
Answer: How long it takes for the drug to be excreted from the body - determines how frequently the drug
must be administered - predicts how long toxic effects can last
Question 7: First-order (linear) pharmacokinetics means
Answer: The metabolism is directly proportional to the free concentration of the drug
Question 8: Zero-order (nonlinear) pharmacokinetics means
Answer: A drug is metabolized at a constant rate per unit time
Question 9: CYP3A4 substrate drugs may have a decreased activity if
Answer: Any CYP3A4 inducer drugs are used along with it
Page 1
, Question 10: Drug development process involves these steps according to the FDA
Answer: a: Discovery: laboratory research to develop the new drugs b: Preclinical research with animal
testing for safety c: Clinical research on healthy human subjects to assess medication pharmacokinetics
(Phase 1) d: Clinical research in humans primarily for medication safety, usually in a population for which
the treatment is intended (Phase 2) e: Clinical research in humans comparing the new drug to accept
medications or placebo for efficacy and safety (Phase 3) f: FDA review of the results to determine approval
g: Post marketing study to identify adverse effects not found in earlier clinical studies (Phase 4)
Question 11: Medication safety organizations include the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the
Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP), and the Joint Commission on Accreditation of
Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO)
Answer: a: The Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) b: The Institute of Medicine (IOM) c: The
Joint Commission d: The National Coordinating Counsil for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention
(NCC MERP) e: Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Safe Use Initiative
Question 12: Two basic types of adverse drug reactions (ADRs)
Answer: Pharmacological and Idiosyncratic
Question 13: Percent of adverse drug reactions that are pharmacological
Answer: 85%-90%
Question 14: Adverse drug reactions are usually
Answer: Preventable, frequently occur in a hospital or nursing home setting, and include medication errors,
adverse drug effects, and allergic and idiosyncratic type reactions
Question 15: Are adverse drug reactions commonly reported
Answer: No, ADRs are not commonly reported, the FDA does not mandate that ADRs be reported
Question 16: Polypharmacy
Answer: Involves using multiple health care providers for care, using multiple medications, and using
several pharmacies for prescription filling
Question 17: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs)
Answer: Lisinopril, Captopril, Enalapril, Ramipril, Benazepril, Fosinopril
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