NUR 641E Final Exam Questions with Correct Answers (Grade A+)
Question 1: Pharmacokinetics involves
Answer: 1. Absorption 2. Distribution 3. Metabolism 4. Excretion
Question 2: Absorption
Answer: absorption from the administration site either directly or indirectly into the blood/plasma.
Question 3: Distribution
Answer: Reversibly or irreversibly move from the bloodstream into the interstitial and intracellular fluid.
Question 4: Metabolism
Answer: Biotransformed by hepatic metabolism or by other tissues
Question 5: Elimination
Answer: The drug and its metabolites are eliminated from the body
Question 6: The route with highest bioavail- ability
Answer: IV because the entire dose enters directly into circulation and bypasses absorp- tion avoiding first
pass metabolism in the liver
Question 7: Rectal administra- tion
Answer: has erratic and variable absorption
Question 8: Steady state
Answer: is reached within 4-5 drug half-lives
Question 9: Half- life
Answer: Is how long it takes half the drug to be excreted from the body. It determines the frequency of
administration and predicts how long toxic ettects last
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, Question 10: First-order (linear) pharmacokinetics
Answer: the metabolism is proportionate to the free concentration of the drug
Question 11: Zero-order (nonlin- ear)
Answer: the drug is metabolized at a constant rate per unit time
Question 12: CYP3A4
Answer: Substrate drugs may have decreased activity if used with any CYP3A4 inducers
Question 13: Drug development
Answer: Involves discovery, preclinical research with animals for safety, research on healthy humans to
assess pharmacokinetics, research on the intended popula- tion, drug ettects are tested against placebo or
accepted alternate medications, the FDA approves it then post-market research determines if other ADR are
noted after studies
Question 14: Medication safety organizations in- clude
Answer: The institute for same medication practices, the intitutute of medicine, the joint comission, and the
national coordinating council for medication error reporting and prevention
Question 15: Adverse drug ef- fects ADRs
Answer: may be pharmacological (85-90%) or idiosyncratic, they are usually preventable, not commonly
reported (No FDA mandate), may be from polypharmacy
Question 16: Angiotensin con- verting enzyme in- hibitors (ACEis) in- clude
Answer: lisinopril, catorpil, enalapril, ramipril, benzapril, fosinopril
Question 17: Ace inhibitors
Answer: reduce blood pressure by suppressing the release of angiotensin-converting enzyme May cause
angioedema!
Question 18: Angiotensin II re- ceptor blocking agents (ARBs) in- clude
Answer: Candesartan, eprosartan, irbesartan, losartan, temisartan, and valsartan
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Question 1: Pharmacokinetics involves
Answer: 1. Absorption 2. Distribution 3. Metabolism 4. Excretion
Question 2: Absorption
Answer: absorption from the administration site either directly or indirectly into the blood/plasma.
Question 3: Distribution
Answer: Reversibly or irreversibly move from the bloodstream into the interstitial and intracellular fluid.
Question 4: Metabolism
Answer: Biotransformed by hepatic metabolism or by other tissues
Question 5: Elimination
Answer: The drug and its metabolites are eliminated from the body
Question 6: The route with highest bioavail- ability
Answer: IV because the entire dose enters directly into circulation and bypasses absorp- tion avoiding first
pass metabolism in the liver
Question 7: Rectal administra- tion
Answer: has erratic and variable absorption
Question 8: Steady state
Answer: is reached within 4-5 drug half-lives
Question 9: Half- life
Answer: Is how long it takes half the drug to be excreted from the body. It determines the frequency of
administration and predicts how long toxic ettects last
Page 1
, Question 10: First-order (linear) pharmacokinetics
Answer: the metabolism is proportionate to the free concentration of the drug
Question 11: Zero-order (nonlin- ear)
Answer: the drug is metabolized at a constant rate per unit time
Question 12: CYP3A4
Answer: Substrate drugs may have decreased activity if used with any CYP3A4 inducers
Question 13: Drug development
Answer: Involves discovery, preclinical research with animals for safety, research on healthy humans to
assess pharmacokinetics, research on the intended popula- tion, drug ettects are tested against placebo or
accepted alternate medications, the FDA approves it then post-market research determines if other ADR are
noted after studies
Question 14: Medication safety organizations in- clude
Answer: The institute for same medication practices, the intitutute of medicine, the joint comission, and the
national coordinating council for medication error reporting and prevention
Question 15: Adverse drug ef- fects ADRs
Answer: may be pharmacological (85-90%) or idiosyncratic, they are usually preventable, not commonly
reported (No FDA mandate), may be from polypharmacy
Question 16: Angiotensin con- verting enzyme in- hibitors (ACEis) in- clude
Answer: lisinopril, catorpil, enalapril, ramipril, benzapril, fosinopril
Question 17: Ace inhibitors
Answer: reduce blood pressure by suppressing the release of angiotensin-converting enzyme May cause
angioedema!
Question 18: Angiotensin II re- ceptor blocking agents (ARBs) in- clude
Answer: Candesartan, eprosartan, irbesartan, losartan, temisartan, and valsartan
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