Galen Med Surg Exam 3 | NUR 155 | Galen College of Nursing-Louisville |
Questions with 100% Verified Answers | Latest Update
Question: Risk factors for the development of Type 1 DM
Answer:
Family hx, viral infections, autoimmune destruction of beta cells
Question: Usual onset of age for Type 1 DM?
Answer:
Children and people under the age of 30
Question: Risk factors for Type 2 DM
Answer:
Obesity, poor diet, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, cardiovascular diseases, elevated
triglycerides, low HDL, HTN, gestational diabetes, birthing a baby weighing 9 pounds or
more, elevated fasting glucose, racial minorities (Native Americans, African Americans,
Hispanics, Pacific Islanders
Question: Please explain the steps for preparing a mixed dose of
insulin. Which insulin is cloudy, and which is clear? Which insulin must
be "rolled" before use to ensure the suspension is mixed?
Answer:
Air into cloudy (NPH), Air into clear (regular), Draw up clear, Draw up cloudy. NPH needs to
be rolled but not shaken
Question: Discuss some of the recommendations and precautions
regarding physical activity and exercise in individuals with diabetes.
Answer:
Exercise can cause hypoglycemia. Adjustments: carry a rescue carb, prior to exercise carry and
use a complex carb snack. Don't exercise during peak hours or w/in 1 hour of insulin injection.
Check glucose beforehand and often on days when you exercise. If the client is doing
unplanned exercise, they need to consume more carbs, if it is planned exercise, they need less
insulin.
Question: Adverse effects of the following antidiabetic drug Metformin
Answer:
Diarrhea. It is known to not cause hypoglycemia. Cannot be given to anyone with renal
impairment.
,Question: Adverse effects of the following antidiabetic drug Glipizide
Answer:
is a Sulfonylureas. Known to cause weight gain and hypoglycemia.
Question: Adverse effects of the following antidiabetic drug
Rosiglitazone
Answer:
is a TZD. Contraindicated in people with HF, monitor liver with frequent liver function tests.
Question: Adverse effects of the following antidiabetic drug Exenatide
Answer:
Monitor for signs of pancreatitis (epigastric pain radiating to the back, N/V)
Question: Adverse effects of the following antidiabetic drug Sitagliptin
Answer:
Monitor for signs of pancreatitis (epigastric pain radiating to the back, N/V)
Question: Where is the preferred site for injecting insulin?
Answer:
The abdomen because it is absorbed the quickest and most consistently.
Question: What are some other common injection sites?
Answer:
Fatty areas: thighs, back of arm, buttocks.
Question: Are there any special considerations with respect to injecting
site?
Answer:
never massage
Question: S/S of severe hyperglycemia (diabetic acidosis)
Answer:
Elevated serum ketones, acidosis, hypovolemia, Kussmaul's, fruity breath, electrolyte
imbalances.
, Question: What are some general guidelines for DM for good foot care?
Answer:
Cut toenails straight across, not rounded. Lotion feet but not in between the toes. Wear white
cotton, clean socks. Use a mirror to check the bottom of your feet. Check feet daily and don't
wear the same shoes every day. Buy close-toed shoes and buy them later in the day.
Question: Dawn phenomenon and treatment?
Answer:
BG rises throughout the night and is very high in the morning. To treat this, the pt. will need
more insulin at night.
Question: Somogyi effect and treatment?
Answer:
is rebound hyperglycemia from overnight hypoglycemia. To treat this, the pt. will need less
insulin and a snack before bed.
Question: Dawn phenomenon vs Somogyi effect
Answer:
Both cause a.m. Hyperglycemia. Check blood sugar btwn 2 and 3 am to tell if it is Somogyi or
dawn. High = dawn, low = Somogyi
Question: What are the s/s of hypoglycemia?
Answer:
Diaphoresis, tachycardia, tremors, anxiety, irritability, blurred vision, AMS, slurred speech,
numbness/tingling, hunger.
Question: The "rule of 15's" for hyperglycemia management (15-15
rule)
Answer:
15 grams of rapid-acting carbs and recheck in 15 minutes (juice, soda, honey, life savers).
(Cold and clammy give some candy)
Question: Under what circumstances should the nurse administer
glucagon to treat hypoglycemia?
Answer:
Glucagon should be given if a patient has severe hypoglycemia.
Questions with 100% Verified Answers | Latest Update
Question: Risk factors for the development of Type 1 DM
Answer:
Family hx, viral infections, autoimmune destruction of beta cells
Question: Usual onset of age for Type 1 DM?
Answer:
Children and people under the age of 30
Question: Risk factors for Type 2 DM
Answer:
Obesity, poor diet, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, cardiovascular diseases, elevated
triglycerides, low HDL, HTN, gestational diabetes, birthing a baby weighing 9 pounds or
more, elevated fasting glucose, racial minorities (Native Americans, African Americans,
Hispanics, Pacific Islanders
Question: Please explain the steps for preparing a mixed dose of
insulin. Which insulin is cloudy, and which is clear? Which insulin must
be "rolled" before use to ensure the suspension is mixed?
Answer:
Air into cloudy (NPH), Air into clear (regular), Draw up clear, Draw up cloudy. NPH needs to
be rolled but not shaken
Question: Discuss some of the recommendations and precautions
regarding physical activity and exercise in individuals with diabetes.
Answer:
Exercise can cause hypoglycemia. Adjustments: carry a rescue carb, prior to exercise carry and
use a complex carb snack. Don't exercise during peak hours or w/in 1 hour of insulin injection.
Check glucose beforehand and often on days when you exercise. If the client is doing
unplanned exercise, they need to consume more carbs, if it is planned exercise, they need less
insulin.
Question: Adverse effects of the following antidiabetic drug Metformin
Answer:
Diarrhea. It is known to not cause hypoglycemia. Cannot be given to anyone with renal
impairment.
,Question: Adverse effects of the following antidiabetic drug Glipizide
Answer:
is a Sulfonylureas. Known to cause weight gain and hypoglycemia.
Question: Adverse effects of the following antidiabetic drug
Rosiglitazone
Answer:
is a TZD. Contraindicated in people with HF, monitor liver with frequent liver function tests.
Question: Adverse effects of the following antidiabetic drug Exenatide
Answer:
Monitor for signs of pancreatitis (epigastric pain radiating to the back, N/V)
Question: Adverse effects of the following antidiabetic drug Sitagliptin
Answer:
Monitor for signs of pancreatitis (epigastric pain radiating to the back, N/V)
Question: Where is the preferred site for injecting insulin?
Answer:
The abdomen because it is absorbed the quickest and most consistently.
Question: What are some other common injection sites?
Answer:
Fatty areas: thighs, back of arm, buttocks.
Question: Are there any special considerations with respect to injecting
site?
Answer:
never massage
Question: S/S of severe hyperglycemia (diabetic acidosis)
Answer:
Elevated serum ketones, acidosis, hypovolemia, Kussmaul's, fruity breath, electrolyte
imbalances.
, Question: What are some general guidelines for DM for good foot care?
Answer:
Cut toenails straight across, not rounded. Lotion feet but not in between the toes. Wear white
cotton, clean socks. Use a mirror to check the bottom of your feet. Check feet daily and don't
wear the same shoes every day. Buy close-toed shoes and buy them later in the day.
Question: Dawn phenomenon and treatment?
Answer:
BG rises throughout the night and is very high in the morning. To treat this, the pt. will need
more insulin at night.
Question: Somogyi effect and treatment?
Answer:
is rebound hyperglycemia from overnight hypoglycemia. To treat this, the pt. will need less
insulin and a snack before bed.
Question: Dawn phenomenon vs Somogyi effect
Answer:
Both cause a.m. Hyperglycemia. Check blood sugar btwn 2 and 3 am to tell if it is Somogyi or
dawn. High = dawn, low = Somogyi
Question: What are the s/s of hypoglycemia?
Answer:
Diaphoresis, tachycardia, tremors, anxiety, irritability, blurred vision, AMS, slurred speech,
numbness/tingling, hunger.
Question: The "rule of 15's" for hyperglycemia management (15-15
rule)
Answer:
15 grams of rapid-acting carbs and recheck in 15 minutes (juice, soda, honey, life savers).
(Cold and clammy give some candy)
Question: Under what circumstances should the nurse administer
glucagon to treat hypoglycemia?
Answer:
Glucagon should be given if a patient has severe hypoglycemia.
