ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM
NUR 6501 WALDEN UNIVERSITY NEWEST 2026-
2027 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 125
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY
GRADED A+ BRAND NEW!!
•A 35-year-old female comes into the clinic with complaints of a mole that has changed over the
last several months. What findings would lead the nurse practitioners to think the patient may
have melanoma?
•A) The mole is symmetrical and 4 mm in diameter.
•B) The mole has ragged borders and bleeds frequently.
•C) The mole is uniform in color.
•D) The mole has even borders and does not itch. - CORRECT ANSWER: B.
•A twenty-year-old is diagnosed with ALS and asks if he will very quickly lose his ability to
swallow and talk. The most appropriate answer is:
•A) Yes, you need to prepare for that because the kind of ALS that you have progresses very
rapidly.
•B) Because you are a male and not a female you are not likely to have juvenile ALS so that is an
immediate concern
•C) Because you are younger than 25, you are less likely to develop those bulbar symptoms
rapidly although you may still develop them later.
•D) ALS does not ever affect ones ability to swallow or talk. - CORRECT ANSWER: C.
•What is the cure for ALS?
•A) intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG).
•B) Neurontin and physical therapy
•C) chelation therapy
,•D) None of the above. There is no cure. - CORRECT ANSWER: D.
•When providing patient education regarding the prevention of melanoma, what information
should the nurse practitioner include?
•A) Apply sunscreen with SPF 15 every 4 hours while outside.
•B) It is okay to use a tanning bed for less than 10 minutes at a time.
•C) Avoid direct sunlight exposure between 1000 and 1600.
•D) It is unnecessary to perform self-examinations of your skin. - CORRECT ANSWER: C.
A 2-year-old child who recently immigrated to the United States has failure to thrive. The child is
short, with course facial features, a protruding tongue, and an umbilical hernia. Profound mental
retardation is apparent as the child matures. These findings are best explained by a lack of:
A. Somatostatin
B. Cortisol
C. Thyroxine (T4)
D. Norepinephrine - CORRECT ANSWER: C. thyroxine
A 3-year-old child of Italian ancestry presents with failure to thrive. Physical examination
indicates hepatosplenomegaly. His hemoglobin concentration is 6 g/dL, and the peripheral blood
smear reveals severely hypochromic microcytic red cells. Total serum iron level is normal. The
reticulocyte count is 10%. Hemoglobin electrophoresis shows very little hemoglobin A. A
radiograph of the skull shows maxillofacial deformities. What is the principle cause of anemia
and other abnormalities in this patient?
A. Reduced synthesis of hemoglobin F
B. Reduced red blood cell survival from imbalance in the production of alpha and beta globin
chains
C. Relative deficiency of vitamin B12
D. Increased fragility of the erythrocyte membrane - CORRECT ANSWER: Reduced synthesis
of hemoglobin F
,A 4-year-old child appears listless for the last week. He complains of pain when he is picked up
by his mother, and he is irritable when touching his arms or legs. Several large ecchymotic
lesions have appeared on his right thigh and left shoulder. A complete blood count reveals a
HgB=10.2, Hct=30.5%, MCV=96fL, platelet count of 45,000/ML, and WBC count of
13,990/ML. Examination of the peripheral blood smear reveals numerous blasts. The blasts lack
peroxidase-positive granules but do contain periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive aggregates and
stain positively for TdT. Flow cytometry shows the phenotype of blasts to be CD19+, CD3-, and
sIg-. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
B. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
C. Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
D. Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) - CORRECT ANSWER: Acute lymphblastic
leukemia
A 4-year-old girl has been irritable for the past 2 days. She has not received her vaccinations. She
has a temperature of 39.1 C. A lumbar puncture is performed, and the CSF shows numerous
neutrophils, a slightly increased protein level, and a decreased glucose concentration. A gram
stain of the CSF is most likely to show:
A. L. Monocytogenes
B. N. meningitis
C. H. influenzae
D. S. pyogenes - CORRECT ANSWER: C
A 12-year-old boy is brought to the emergency room due to dyspnea. He has a known history of
cystic fibrosis. What would be an expected finding in a person with this diagnosis on a chest x-
ray?
A. Hyperinflated lungs with bronchiectasis
B. 3 cm cavity with an air-fluid level
, C. Bilateral infiltrates
D. Pulmonary interstitial edema - CORRECT ANSWER: Hyperinflated lungs with
bronchiectasis
A 13-year-old male has been drinking large quantities of fluids and has an insatiable appetite,
even for a teenager. However, he is losing weight and has become more tired and listless over the
past month. A complete blood count is normal, but he is found to have a fasting serum glucose of
175 mg/dL. A diagnosis of type 1 diabetes is made. What is the probable inheritance pattern of
his underlying disease?
A. Autosomal dominant
B. Multi-factorial
C. X-linked recessive
D. Autosomal recessive - CORRECT ANSWER: B. Multifactorial
A 14-year-old male presents with high fever for ten days. Physical examination reveals scattered
petechial hemorrhages but is negative for enlargement of the liver or spleen or lymph nodes.
Bone marrow examination does not show any abnormal cells. The complete blood count (CBC)
demonstrates a hemoglobin concentration (HgB) of 13.2 g/dL, hematocrit (Hct) of 38.9%, mean
cell volume (MCV) of 93 fL, platelet count of 175,000/microliter, and white blood cell (WBC)
count of 1850/microliter, with the differential count showing 1 segmented neutrophil, 98
lymphocytes, and 1 monocyte per 100 WBCs. What is the most likely cause of these findings?
A. Overwhelming bacterial infection
B. Acute lymphocytic (or lymphoblastic) leukemia
C. Acute myeloid leukemia
D. Aplastic anemia - CORRECT ANSWER: Overwhelming bacterial infection
A 24-year-old presents to the office with fatigue. On physical exam, the NP notices that she
ispale with the following vital signs: HR 112, BP 98/64, resp 20, O2 sats 99%. Her CBC shows:
WBC6,000, Hemoglobin 9.6, Hematocrit 30.2, MCV is decreased at 76. What is the mostly
likely causeof this patient's anemia?
NUR 6501 WALDEN UNIVERSITY NEWEST 2026-
2027 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 125
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY
GRADED A+ BRAND NEW!!
•A 35-year-old female comes into the clinic with complaints of a mole that has changed over the
last several months. What findings would lead the nurse practitioners to think the patient may
have melanoma?
•A) The mole is symmetrical and 4 mm in diameter.
•B) The mole has ragged borders and bleeds frequently.
•C) The mole is uniform in color.
•D) The mole has even borders and does not itch. - CORRECT ANSWER: B.
•A twenty-year-old is diagnosed with ALS and asks if he will very quickly lose his ability to
swallow and talk. The most appropriate answer is:
•A) Yes, you need to prepare for that because the kind of ALS that you have progresses very
rapidly.
•B) Because you are a male and not a female you are not likely to have juvenile ALS so that is an
immediate concern
•C) Because you are younger than 25, you are less likely to develop those bulbar symptoms
rapidly although you may still develop them later.
•D) ALS does not ever affect ones ability to swallow or talk. - CORRECT ANSWER: C.
•What is the cure for ALS?
•A) intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG).
•B) Neurontin and physical therapy
•C) chelation therapy
,•D) None of the above. There is no cure. - CORRECT ANSWER: D.
•When providing patient education regarding the prevention of melanoma, what information
should the nurse practitioner include?
•A) Apply sunscreen with SPF 15 every 4 hours while outside.
•B) It is okay to use a tanning bed for less than 10 minutes at a time.
•C) Avoid direct sunlight exposure between 1000 and 1600.
•D) It is unnecessary to perform self-examinations of your skin. - CORRECT ANSWER: C.
A 2-year-old child who recently immigrated to the United States has failure to thrive. The child is
short, with course facial features, a protruding tongue, and an umbilical hernia. Profound mental
retardation is apparent as the child matures. These findings are best explained by a lack of:
A. Somatostatin
B. Cortisol
C. Thyroxine (T4)
D. Norepinephrine - CORRECT ANSWER: C. thyroxine
A 3-year-old child of Italian ancestry presents with failure to thrive. Physical examination
indicates hepatosplenomegaly. His hemoglobin concentration is 6 g/dL, and the peripheral blood
smear reveals severely hypochromic microcytic red cells. Total serum iron level is normal. The
reticulocyte count is 10%. Hemoglobin electrophoresis shows very little hemoglobin A. A
radiograph of the skull shows maxillofacial deformities. What is the principle cause of anemia
and other abnormalities in this patient?
A. Reduced synthesis of hemoglobin F
B. Reduced red blood cell survival from imbalance in the production of alpha and beta globin
chains
C. Relative deficiency of vitamin B12
D. Increased fragility of the erythrocyte membrane - CORRECT ANSWER: Reduced synthesis
of hemoglobin F
,A 4-year-old child appears listless for the last week. He complains of pain when he is picked up
by his mother, and he is irritable when touching his arms or legs. Several large ecchymotic
lesions have appeared on his right thigh and left shoulder. A complete blood count reveals a
HgB=10.2, Hct=30.5%, MCV=96fL, platelet count of 45,000/ML, and WBC count of
13,990/ML. Examination of the peripheral blood smear reveals numerous blasts. The blasts lack
peroxidase-positive granules but do contain periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive aggregates and
stain positively for TdT. Flow cytometry shows the phenotype of blasts to be CD19+, CD3-, and
sIg-. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
B. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
C. Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
D. Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) - CORRECT ANSWER: Acute lymphblastic
leukemia
A 4-year-old girl has been irritable for the past 2 days. She has not received her vaccinations. She
has a temperature of 39.1 C. A lumbar puncture is performed, and the CSF shows numerous
neutrophils, a slightly increased protein level, and a decreased glucose concentration. A gram
stain of the CSF is most likely to show:
A. L. Monocytogenes
B. N. meningitis
C. H. influenzae
D. S. pyogenes - CORRECT ANSWER: C
A 12-year-old boy is brought to the emergency room due to dyspnea. He has a known history of
cystic fibrosis. What would be an expected finding in a person with this diagnosis on a chest x-
ray?
A. Hyperinflated lungs with bronchiectasis
B. 3 cm cavity with an air-fluid level
, C. Bilateral infiltrates
D. Pulmonary interstitial edema - CORRECT ANSWER: Hyperinflated lungs with
bronchiectasis
A 13-year-old male has been drinking large quantities of fluids and has an insatiable appetite,
even for a teenager. However, he is losing weight and has become more tired and listless over the
past month. A complete blood count is normal, but he is found to have a fasting serum glucose of
175 mg/dL. A diagnosis of type 1 diabetes is made. What is the probable inheritance pattern of
his underlying disease?
A. Autosomal dominant
B. Multi-factorial
C. X-linked recessive
D. Autosomal recessive - CORRECT ANSWER: B. Multifactorial
A 14-year-old male presents with high fever for ten days. Physical examination reveals scattered
petechial hemorrhages but is negative for enlargement of the liver or spleen or lymph nodes.
Bone marrow examination does not show any abnormal cells. The complete blood count (CBC)
demonstrates a hemoglobin concentration (HgB) of 13.2 g/dL, hematocrit (Hct) of 38.9%, mean
cell volume (MCV) of 93 fL, platelet count of 175,000/microliter, and white blood cell (WBC)
count of 1850/microliter, with the differential count showing 1 segmented neutrophil, 98
lymphocytes, and 1 monocyte per 100 WBCs. What is the most likely cause of these findings?
A. Overwhelming bacterial infection
B. Acute lymphocytic (or lymphoblastic) leukemia
C. Acute myeloid leukemia
D. Aplastic anemia - CORRECT ANSWER: Overwhelming bacterial infection
A 24-year-old presents to the office with fatigue. On physical exam, the NP notices that she
ispale with the following vital signs: HR 112, BP 98/64, resp 20, O2 sats 99%. Her CBC shows:
WBC6,000, Hemoglobin 9.6, Hematocrit 30.2, MCV is decreased at 76. What is the mostly
likely causeof this patient's anemia?
