NR 283 Pathophysiology Exam 1 Study
Guide
1st line of defense - ----ANS:Barriers: Skin, Mucous Membranes, Gastric
juices, Normal Flora, and Cilia
2nd line of defense - ----ANS:Inflammation and Phagocytosis
3rd line of defense - ----ANS:B-Cells and T-Cells
Active artificial immunity - ----ANS:immunizations
Active Immunity - ----ANS:activates the immune system
Active natural immunity - ----ANS:natural exposure to antigen
Apoptosis - ----ANS:Programmed cell death, normal occurrence in the body
Atrophy - ----ANS:Decrease in the size of the cells, results in reduced tissue
mass
Autosomal Dominant Disorders - ----ANS:Only takes one gene for disease to
show. There are no carriers, either have disease or don't. Marfan Syndrome,
Huntington's, Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Autosomal Recessive Disorders - ----ANS:Has to have two recessive genes to
have disease, only one recessive gene to be carrier ex: Cystic fibrosis, PKU
(phenylketonuria), Tay-Sachs
B-Cells - ----ANS:Responsible for production of antibodies, can clone
themselves to tag antigens, can become memory B-cells to remember
antigen(pathogen)
Blood pH - ----ANS:7.35-7.45
Blood pH less than 7.35 - ----ANS:metabolic or respiratory acidosis
Blood pH more than 7.45 - ----ANS:metabolic or respiratory alkalosis
, Ca2+ Normal Range - ----ANS:8.5-10.5 mEq/L
Chromosomal Disorder - ----ANS:not inherited, theres a problem on the
chromosome
Cl- Normal Range - ----ANS:98-106 mEq/L
Co2 normal range - ----ANS:45-35
Cycle of Infection - ----ANS:Pathogens, Reservoir, Portal of Exit, Mode of
Transmission, Portal of Entry, Host B
Cystic fibrosis - ----ANS:autosomal recessive disorder that causes thick
mucous secretions
Down's Syndrome - ----ANS:Trisomy 21
Dysplasia - ----ANS:Cells are different looking varying in size and shape
Etiology - ----ANS:Cause of particular disease on microscopic level
Extracellular Fluid - ----ANS:Fluid outside the cell, IVF (intravascular fluid or
blood plasma), ISF (interstitial fluid or fluid between tissues and blood), CSF,
and Transcellular fluid (Synovial, Pericardial cavities)
Familial Hypercholesterolemia - ----ANS:Autosomal Dominant Disorder, high
cholesterol
HCO3- (bicarbonate) normal range - ----ANS:22-26
Helper T-Cells - ----ANS:Like nicolas cage "Fire! Fire! Fire!", directs adaptive
immunity response in what to do
Huntington's Disease - ----ANS:Autosomal Dominant Disorder, nerve cells
break down over time, causing involuntary movements
Hydrostatic Pressure - ----ANS:Push, typically happens at the arterial level
Guide
1st line of defense - ----ANS:Barriers: Skin, Mucous Membranes, Gastric
juices, Normal Flora, and Cilia
2nd line of defense - ----ANS:Inflammation and Phagocytosis
3rd line of defense - ----ANS:B-Cells and T-Cells
Active artificial immunity - ----ANS:immunizations
Active Immunity - ----ANS:activates the immune system
Active natural immunity - ----ANS:natural exposure to antigen
Apoptosis - ----ANS:Programmed cell death, normal occurrence in the body
Atrophy - ----ANS:Decrease in the size of the cells, results in reduced tissue
mass
Autosomal Dominant Disorders - ----ANS:Only takes one gene for disease to
show. There are no carriers, either have disease or don't. Marfan Syndrome,
Huntington's, Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Autosomal Recessive Disorders - ----ANS:Has to have two recessive genes to
have disease, only one recessive gene to be carrier ex: Cystic fibrosis, PKU
(phenylketonuria), Tay-Sachs
B-Cells - ----ANS:Responsible for production of antibodies, can clone
themselves to tag antigens, can become memory B-cells to remember
antigen(pathogen)
Blood pH - ----ANS:7.35-7.45
Blood pH less than 7.35 - ----ANS:metabolic or respiratory acidosis
Blood pH more than 7.45 - ----ANS:metabolic or respiratory alkalosis
, Ca2+ Normal Range - ----ANS:8.5-10.5 mEq/L
Chromosomal Disorder - ----ANS:not inherited, theres a problem on the
chromosome
Cl- Normal Range - ----ANS:98-106 mEq/L
Co2 normal range - ----ANS:45-35
Cycle of Infection - ----ANS:Pathogens, Reservoir, Portal of Exit, Mode of
Transmission, Portal of Entry, Host B
Cystic fibrosis - ----ANS:autosomal recessive disorder that causes thick
mucous secretions
Down's Syndrome - ----ANS:Trisomy 21
Dysplasia - ----ANS:Cells are different looking varying in size and shape
Etiology - ----ANS:Cause of particular disease on microscopic level
Extracellular Fluid - ----ANS:Fluid outside the cell, IVF (intravascular fluid or
blood plasma), ISF (interstitial fluid or fluid between tissues and blood), CSF,
and Transcellular fluid (Synovial, Pericardial cavities)
Familial Hypercholesterolemia - ----ANS:Autosomal Dominant Disorder, high
cholesterol
HCO3- (bicarbonate) normal range - ----ANS:22-26
Helper T-Cells - ----ANS:Like nicolas cage "Fire! Fire! Fire!", directs adaptive
immunity response in what to do
Huntington's Disease - ----ANS:Autosomal Dominant Disorder, nerve cells
break down over time, causing involuntary movements
Hydrostatic Pressure - ----ANS:Push, typically happens at the arterial level
