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Exam (elaborations)

Problems And Solutions In Nuclear And Particle Physics 1st Ed 2019 Petrera

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Problems And Solutions In Nuclear And Particle Physics 1st Ed 2019 Petrera

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,Contents




1 Nuclear Physics ................................................................................................ 1
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1.1 Initial Problems ......................................................................................... 1
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1.2 Nuclear Scattering ..................................................................................... 2
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1.3 Nuclear Binding Energy ........................................................................... 5
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1.4 Nuclear Decays ......................................................................................... 8
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1.5 Nuclear Models ....................................................................................... 10
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References ........................................................................................................ 12
2 Particle Physics .............................................................................................. 13
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2.1 Fundamental Interactions ........................................................................ 13
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2.2 Hadrons ................................................................................................... 15
2.3 Weak and Electro-Weak Interactions ..................................................... 19
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References ........................................................................................................ 21
3 Experiments and Detection Methods ......................................................... 23
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3.1 Kinematics ............................................................................................... 23
3.2 Interaction of Radiation with Matter ...................................................... 29
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3.3 Detection Techniques and Experimental Methods ................................. 33
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References ........................................................................................................ 41
Appendix: Solutions of Exercises and Problems .......................................... 43
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ix

,Notes




Data

Each problem can be taken as stand-
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alone. This means that all input data are provided in the text: For example, the rel
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evant particle masses are usually given in the text. The reader may notice that thei
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r accuracies can change on a case-by-
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case basis. This feature is a consequence of the origin of the text, since these prob
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lems were used for examinations and I preferred to give all the needed input data
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at the accuracy required for each specific case. On the other hand, it also allows the r
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eader to pick up problems randomly without requiring a sequential reading.
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The problems are mainly numerical and require values of physical constants, e
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specially for conversion purposes. Whenever these values are not reported in the t
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ext, the reader can refer to the PDG Review of Particle Physics [2] which provides
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an up-to- ds


date collection of constants, units, atomic, and nuclear properties. This review is m
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uch more than a simple collection and can be considered as a “must” for dealing wit
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h any nuclear and particle physics case.
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Nuclear physics data are available from several sources. Some examples are the
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National Nuclear Data Center (NNDC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory [3] and
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the IAEA Nuclear Data Section [4].
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Units

We use the International System of Units (SI), except for energy, mass, and mom
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entum which are specified in terms of eV. This mixed system can be easily handle
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d and the system-
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specific electromagnetic constants disappear promptly, using the SI definition of th
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e fine structure constant a and the value of ¯h c in mixed units.
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In nuclear physics, kinematical expressions are mostly non-relativistic. In par-
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ticle physics, the relativistic treatment is instead mandatory. As adopted in ma
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ny

, xi

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