NUR 453 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | LATEST NUR 453
STUDY GUIDE & PRACTICE TEST 2026/2027
S[1, 2, 3 ,4]
heard as the atrioventricular valves close and is heard loudest at the apex of the heart - ANS ✔✔1
S[1, 2, 3 ,4]
heard when the semilunar valves close and is heard loudest at the base of the heart - ANS ✔✔2
S[1, 2, 3 ,4]
may be heard if the ventricular wall compliance is decreased and structures in the ventricular wall
vibrate; this can occur in conditions such as heart failure or valvular regurgitation (may be normal in
individuals younger than 30 years) - ANS ✔✔3
S[1, 2, 3 ,4]
may be heard on atrial systole if resistance to ventricular filling is present; this is an abnormal finding,
and the causes include cardiac hypertrophy, disease, or injury to the ventricular wall - ANS ✔✔4
the development of __________ ____________ takes time and develops when chronic ischemia occurs
to meet the metabolic demands; therefore an occlusion of a coronary artery in a younger individual is
more likely to be lethal than one in an older individual - ANS ✔✔collateral circulation
coronary arteries are perfused during [systole/diastole] - ANS ✔✔diastole
ST [elevation/depression]
myocardial infarction - ANS ✔✔elevation
ST [elevation/depression]
ischemia - ANS ✔✔depression
all 12 leads show ST elevation this is likely what condition? - ANS ✔✔pericarditis
(due to inflammation of the entire heart)
normal PR interval - ANS ✔✔.12 .20
normal QRS interval - ANS ✔✔.4 .12
the client wears a monitor and an electrocardiographic tracing is recorded continuously over a period of
24 hours or more while the client performs her or his activities of daily living
maintain a diary
avoid tub baths, showers, or swimming - ANS ✔✔holter
an invasive test involving insertion of a catheter into the heart and surrounding vessels
, obtains information about the structure and performance of the heart chambers and valves and the
coronary circulation - ANS ✔✔cardiac catheterization
if allergic to seafood, iodine or radiopaque dyes the client may be _________ to prevent a reaction - ANS
✔✔premedicated
postprocedure cardiac catheterization monitor vital signs at least every ___ minutes for __ hours - ANS
✔✔15 2
[true/false]
post cardiac catheterization is chest pain is normal - ANS ✔✔false
(if chest pain or dysrhythmias occur contact the HCP)
post cardiac catheterization keep the extremity __________ for 4 to 6 hours and keep the leg straight to
prevent arterial occlusion - ANS ✔✔extended
gold standard to diagnose coronary artery disease? - ANS ✔✔cardiac catheterization
(physician can visualize coronary arteries for stenosis)
coronary catheterization is diagnosing while ______________ is treatment, but they may not always go
together - ANS ✔✔angioplasty
withhold solids for __ to __ hours pre procedure - ANS ✔✔6 8
stress test is used to evaluate ____________ ____________ ____________ - ANS ✔✔coronary artery
disease
____________ products are usually withheld 12 hours before a stress test and calcium channel blockers
and beta blockers are usually withheld on the day of the test to allow the heart rate to increase during
the stress portion of the test - ANS ✔✔theophylline
instruct the client to avoid taking a hot bath or shower for at least 1 to 2 hours post what procedure? -
ANS ✔✔stress test
The ____ notes the heart's ability to handle the volume of blood returning to it - ANS ✔✔CVP
normal CVP - ANS ✔✔5 10
this noninvasive procedure is based on the principles of ultrasound and evaluates structural and
functional changes in the heart
used to detect valvular abnormalities, congenital heart defects, wall motion, ejection fraction, and
cardiac function - ANS ✔✔echocardiography
TEE, done to view the posterior structures of the heart is [invasive/non invasive] - ANS ✔✔invasive
[venous/arterial]
ulcers dry, well-defined borders - ANS ✔✔arterial
STUDY GUIDE & PRACTICE TEST 2026/2027
S[1, 2, 3 ,4]
heard as the atrioventricular valves close and is heard loudest at the apex of the heart - ANS ✔✔1
S[1, 2, 3 ,4]
heard when the semilunar valves close and is heard loudest at the base of the heart - ANS ✔✔2
S[1, 2, 3 ,4]
may be heard if the ventricular wall compliance is decreased and structures in the ventricular wall
vibrate; this can occur in conditions such as heart failure or valvular regurgitation (may be normal in
individuals younger than 30 years) - ANS ✔✔3
S[1, 2, 3 ,4]
may be heard on atrial systole if resistance to ventricular filling is present; this is an abnormal finding,
and the causes include cardiac hypertrophy, disease, or injury to the ventricular wall - ANS ✔✔4
the development of __________ ____________ takes time and develops when chronic ischemia occurs
to meet the metabolic demands; therefore an occlusion of a coronary artery in a younger individual is
more likely to be lethal than one in an older individual - ANS ✔✔collateral circulation
coronary arteries are perfused during [systole/diastole] - ANS ✔✔diastole
ST [elevation/depression]
myocardial infarction - ANS ✔✔elevation
ST [elevation/depression]
ischemia - ANS ✔✔depression
all 12 leads show ST elevation this is likely what condition? - ANS ✔✔pericarditis
(due to inflammation of the entire heart)
normal PR interval - ANS ✔✔.12 .20
normal QRS interval - ANS ✔✔.4 .12
the client wears a monitor and an electrocardiographic tracing is recorded continuously over a period of
24 hours or more while the client performs her or his activities of daily living
maintain a diary
avoid tub baths, showers, or swimming - ANS ✔✔holter
an invasive test involving insertion of a catheter into the heart and surrounding vessels
, obtains information about the structure and performance of the heart chambers and valves and the
coronary circulation - ANS ✔✔cardiac catheterization
if allergic to seafood, iodine or radiopaque dyes the client may be _________ to prevent a reaction - ANS
✔✔premedicated
postprocedure cardiac catheterization monitor vital signs at least every ___ minutes for __ hours - ANS
✔✔15 2
[true/false]
post cardiac catheterization is chest pain is normal - ANS ✔✔false
(if chest pain or dysrhythmias occur contact the HCP)
post cardiac catheterization keep the extremity __________ for 4 to 6 hours and keep the leg straight to
prevent arterial occlusion - ANS ✔✔extended
gold standard to diagnose coronary artery disease? - ANS ✔✔cardiac catheterization
(physician can visualize coronary arteries for stenosis)
coronary catheterization is diagnosing while ______________ is treatment, but they may not always go
together - ANS ✔✔angioplasty
withhold solids for __ to __ hours pre procedure - ANS ✔✔6 8
stress test is used to evaluate ____________ ____________ ____________ - ANS ✔✔coronary artery
disease
____________ products are usually withheld 12 hours before a stress test and calcium channel blockers
and beta blockers are usually withheld on the day of the test to allow the heart rate to increase during
the stress portion of the test - ANS ✔✔theophylline
instruct the client to avoid taking a hot bath or shower for at least 1 to 2 hours post what procedure? -
ANS ✔✔stress test
The ____ notes the heart's ability to handle the volume of blood returning to it - ANS ✔✔CVP
normal CVP - ANS ✔✔5 10
this noninvasive procedure is based on the principles of ultrasound and evaluates structural and
functional changes in the heart
used to detect valvular abnormalities, congenital heart defects, wall motion, ejection fraction, and
cardiac function - ANS ✔✔echocardiography
TEE, done to view the posterior structures of the heart is [invasive/non invasive] - ANS ✔✔invasive
[venous/arterial]
ulcers dry, well-defined borders - ANS ✔✔arterial
