NUR 453 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | LATEST NUR 453
STUDY GUIDE & PRACTICE TEST 2026/2027
osmolarity range - ANS ✔✔275-295
(Na range x2)
wants to retain fluid intravascular
[oncotic/hydrostatic] - ANS ✔✔oncotic
force fluids to get out of the blood vessels
[oncotic/hydrostatic] - ANS ✔✔hydrostatic
arterial end [oncotic/hydrostatic] pressure is higher - ANS ✔✔hydrostatic
aldosterone
retain ___
excrete ___ - ANS ✔✔Na
K
helps body retain fluid by keeping on water - ANS ✔✔ADH
chronic disease main cause of secondary hypoparathyroidism - ANS ✔✔renal disease
_______--> angiotensinogen --> angiotensin I --> angiotensin II - ANS ✔✔renin
D5W is a _____ solution
initially, then becomes __________ - ANS ✔✔isotonic
hypotonic
1/2 NS is a _________ solution - ANS ✔✔hypotonic
fluid volume deficit
HR [high/low]
BP [high/low] - ANS ✔✔high
low
fluid overload aka [hypo/hyper]tonic overhydration - ANS ✔✔hypo
K sparing diuretic and aldosterone antagonist - ANS ✔✔spironolactone
(Na secretion and K retention)
common complaint with hyponatremia - ANS ✔✔cramping
early sign is muscle twitches, late sign is muscle weakness
hyper__ - ANS ✔✔Na
, too much glucose can cause [increase/decrease] Na - ANS ✔✔decrease
(incite a fake episode of hyponatremia)
chovstek and trousseau show up for hypoCa and hypo___ - ANS ✔✔Mg
◦Removal or destruction of the parathyroid glands
[hypo/hyper]Ca - ANS ✔✔hypo
which diuretic spares calcium - ANS ✔✔thiazide
brainstem
[decorticate/decerebrate] - ANS ✔✔decerebrate
mid brain
[decorticate/decerebrate] - ANS ✔✔decorticate
1.Which cranial nerve is affected with a dilated pupil? - ANS ✔✔3 (oculomotor)
1.What is indicative of midposition fixed bilateral pupils? - ANS ✔✔mid brain injury
normal ICP - ANS ✔✔5 15
cerebral perfusion pressure
minimum of __ amount of CPP for proper brain function - ANS ✔✔50
CPP calculation - ANS ✔✔MAP-ICP
MAP calculation - ANS ✔✔DBP + 1/3 (SBP-DBP)
Loss of motor function and vibration, position, and detach sensation on same side as the cord damage -
ANS ✔✔Brown sequard syndrome
•A complete but temporary loss of function - ANS ✔✔spinal shock
[true/false]
a patient suffering from myasthenia gravis has altered LOC - ANS ✔✔false
Antidote to cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning - ANS ✔✔atropine
[M/C] Crisis
Myasthenic/Cholinergic
◦Caused by anticholinesterase drug toxicity
◦Smooth muscle hyperactivity secondary to acetylcholine accumulation at the NM junction and excessive
parasympathetic like activity
◦Inc. intestinal motility (diarrhea, cramping)
◦Increased salivation, and increase sweating - ANS ✔✔C
[M/C] Crisis
STUDY GUIDE & PRACTICE TEST 2026/2027
osmolarity range - ANS ✔✔275-295
(Na range x2)
wants to retain fluid intravascular
[oncotic/hydrostatic] - ANS ✔✔oncotic
force fluids to get out of the blood vessels
[oncotic/hydrostatic] - ANS ✔✔hydrostatic
arterial end [oncotic/hydrostatic] pressure is higher - ANS ✔✔hydrostatic
aldosterone
retain ___
excrete ___ - ANS ✔✔Na
K
helps body retain fluid by keeping on water - ANS ✔✔ADH
chronic disease main cause of secondary hypoparathyroidism - ANS ✔✔renal disease
_______--> angiotensinogen --> angiotensin I --> angiotensin II - ANS ✔✔renin
D5W is a _____ solution
initially, then becomes __________ - ANS ✔✔isotonic
hypotonic
1/2 NS is a _________ solution - ANS ✔✔hypotonic
fluid volume deficit
HR [high/low]
BP [high/low] - ANS ✔✔high
low
fluid overload aka [hypo/hyper]tonic overhydration - ANS ✔✔hypo
K sparing diuretic and aldosterone antagonist - ANS ✔✔spironolactone
(Na secretion and K retention)
common complaint with hyponatremia - ANS ✔✔cramping
early sign is muscle twitches, late sign is muscle weakness
hyper__ - ANS ✔✔Na
, too much glucose can cause [increase/decrease] Na - ANS ✔✔decrease
(incite a fake episode of hyponatremia)
chovstek and trousseau show up for hypoCa and hypo___ - ANS ✔✔Mg
◦Removal or destruction of the parathyroid glands
[hypo/hyper]Ca - ANS ✔✔hypo
which diuretic spares calcium - ANS ✔✔thiazide
brainstem
[decorticate/decerebrate] - ANS ✔✔decerebrate
mid brain
[decorticate/decerebrate] - ANS ✔✔decorticate
1.Which cranial nerve is affected with a dilated pupil? - ANS ✔✔3 (oculomotor)
1.What is indicative of midposition fixed bilateral pupils? - ANS ✔✔mid brain injury
normal ICP - ANS ✔✔5 15
cerebral perfusion pressure
minimum of __ amount of CPP for proper brain function - ANS ✔✔50
CPP calculation - ANS ✔✔MAP-ICP
MAP calculation - ANS ✔✔DBP + 1/3 (SBP-DBP)
Loss of motor function and vibration, position, and detach sensation on same side as the cord damage -
ANS ✔✔Brown sequard syndrome
•A complete but temporary loss of function - ANS ✔✔spinal shock
[true/false]
a patient suffering from myasthenia gravis has altered LOC - ANS ✔✔false
Antidote to cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning - ANS ✔✔atropine
[M/C] Crisis
Myasthenic/Cholinergic
◦Caused by anticholinesterase drug toxicity
◦Smooth muscle hyperactivity secondary to acetylcholine accumulation at the NM junction and excessive
parasympathetic like activity
◦Inc. intestinal motility (diarrhea, cramping)
◦Increased salivation, and increase sweating - ANS ✔✔C
[M/C] Crisis
