Praxis 5025 Early Childhood Education:
Comprehensive Questions, Answers, Exam
Preparation, Child Development, Learning
Strategies, Assessment, Curriculum, and Classroom
Management
Distributive Property - ANSWa(b + c) = ab + ac
Congruent Shape - ANSWIf one shape can become another using turns, flips and/or slides.
Rhombus - ANSWA parallelogram with opposite equal acute angles, opposite equal obtuse angles, and four equal
sides. Any parallelogram with equal sides, including a square.
Seriation - ANSWSequencing objects from first to last.
Partitioning - ANSWThe mental activity of slicing the length of an object into equal-sized units.
Transitivity - ANSWIf object A is longer than object B and object B is longer than object c, then object a is longer
than object c.
,Rote Counting - ANSWYoung children begin to learn to count by saying numbers in the correct order without any
sense of one-to-one correspondence.
Rational Counting - ANSWWhen a child learns to count with one-to-one correspondence.
Counting-On - ANSWDon't have to recount everything. Is an addition strategy. 8+4 Child starts with the eight and
then adds and additional four.
Counting-All - ANSWWhen children add by beginning with number 1 to count. 8+4= They count the eight and then
count the four.
Divergent Questions - ANSWOpen ended and lead to independent thinking.
Convergent Questions - ANSWSeek a single or right answer.
Phoneme - ANSWSmallest unit of sound.
Differentiated Instruction - ANSWModifying instruction for each student through 1) content, 2) process, 3) product
and 4) learning environment.
5 Elements of Effective Reading Instruction (Reading First) - ANSWPhonemic awareness, phonics, fluency,
vocabulary, comprehension.
Phonemic Awareness (not the same as phonological awareness). - ANSWMatching words or pictures with sounds.
It is the beginning of making a connection between sound and letter. The specific ability to notice, think about,
manipulate and work with the individual sounds (phonemes) in spoken words. It is the foundation for spelling and
word recognition skills. It is one of the best predictors of how well children will learn to read during the first two
years of school instruction.
Phoneme Isolation - ANSW"What is the first sound in MAT?
,Phoneme Identity - ANSW(What is the common sound?) "Tell me the sound that is the same in MAT, MUG, and
MILE."
Phoneme Categoratization - ANSW"Tell me the word that doesn't belong: BIG, BAG, MAN." (odd in the sequence)
Phoneme Blending - ANSW1st best strategy for phonemes. Listen to a sequence and combine. "What word is /r/
/u/ /g/?"
Phoneme Segmentation - ANSW2nd best strategy for phonemes. Break up a word into sounds (can tap or count).
"How many sounds are in the word cat? /c/ /a/ /t/" (3) or What are the sounds in the word cat?
Phoneme Deletion - ANSWWhat is left when a phoneme (sound) is removed. "Tell me bike w/o the /b/. (ike)
Phoneme Addition - ANSWMake a new word by adding a phoneme. "Tell me a word you will have if you add /s/ to
mile." (Smile)
Phoneme Substitution - ANSWChange out a phoneme. "The word is map. Change the /p/ to /t/. What is the
word?" (mat)
When teach phonological awareness? - ANSWThe earlier the better! Larger gains for at-risk readers.
Invented spelling - ANSWSimilar to segmenting phonemes (but now representing with letters). More like phonetic
spelling. Good first step for kids 4-7.
Phonics - ANSWLetter/sound correspondences.
Graphemes - ANSWLetters
, Alphabetic Principle - ANSWWriting system design that associates phonemes with letters of an alphabet.
Alphabetic Understanding - ANSWUnderstanding that written words are composed of letters related to phonemic
segments of the words of oral language.
Spelling & Phonics - ANSW87% of words can be handled with phonics (44 phonemes total).
Phonological Awareness (not the same as phonemic awareness). - ANSWAn exclusively oral language activity. A
broad skill that includes identifying and manipulating units of oral language - parts such as words, syllables, and
onsets and rimes. Children are able to identify and make oral rhymes, can clap out the number of syllables in a
word, and can recognize words with the same initial sounds like 'money' and 'mother. Can involve work with
rhymes, words, syllables, onsets/rimes. Includes intonation, alliteration, etc.
Active Listening - ANSWProviding the speaker with feedback that indicates the message is being received and is
understood. Not evaluation, opinion or advice. Attitude of accepting another person.
Irregular Spelling - ANSWGraphemes do not map onto phonemes in a regular way (steak). Do not have a regular
letter-sound relationship.
Simple Sentence - ANSWIndependent clause: subject and verb.
Complex Sentence - ANSWIndependent clause and dependent clause.
Compound Sentence - ANSWTwo independent clauses.
Compound-Complex Sentence - ANSWA combination of a complex and a compound sentence.
Decomposing Numbers - ANSWBreak down numbers into their sub-parts. (Taking a standard number and changing
it into expanded form).
Comprehensive Questions, Answers, Exam
Preparation, Child Development, Learning
Strategies, Assessment, Curriculum, and Classroom
Management
Distributive Property - ANSWa(b + c) = ab + ac
Congruent Shape - ANSWIf one shape can become another using turns, flips and/or slides.
Rhombus - ANSWA parallelogram with opposite equal acute angles, opposite equal obtuse angles, and four equal
sides. Any parallelogram with equal sides, including a square.
Seriation - ANSWSequencing objects from first to last.
Partitioning - ANSWThe mental activity of slicing the length of an object into equal-sized units.
Transitivity - ANSWIf object A is longer than object B and object B is longer than object c, then object a is longer
than object c.
,Rote Counting - ANSWYoung children begin to learn to count by saying numbers in the correct order without any
sense of one-to-one correspondence.
Rational Counting - ANSWWhen a child learns to count with one-to-one correspondence.
Counting-On - ANSWDon't have to recount everything. Is an addition strategy. 8+4 Child starts with the eight and
then adds and additional four.
Counting-All - ANSWWhen children add by beginning with number 1 to count. 8+4= They count the eight and then
count the four.
Divergent Questions - ANSWOpen ended and lead to independent thinking.
Convergent Questions - ANSWSeek a single or right answer.
Phoneme - ANSWSmallest unit of sound.
Differentiated Instruction - ANSWModifying instruction for each student through 1) content, 2) process, 3) product
and 4) learning environment.
5 Elements of Effective Reading Instruction (Reading First) - ANSWPhonemic awareness, phonics, fluency,
vocabulary, comprehension.
Phonemic Awareness (not the same as phonological awareness). - ANSWMatching words or pictures with sounds.
It is the beginning of making a connection between sound and letter. The specific ability to notice, think about,
manipulate and work with the individual sounds (phonemes) in spoken words. It is the foundation for spelling and
word recognition skills. It is one of the best predictors of how well children will learn to read during the first two
years of school instruction.
Phoneme Isolation - ANSW"What is the first sound in MAT?
,Phoneme Identity - ANSW(What is the common sound?) "Tell me the sound that is the same in MAT, MUG, and
MILE."
Phoneme Categoratization - ANSW"Tell me the word that doesn't belong: BIG, BAG, MAN." (odd in the sequence)
Phoneme Blending - ANSW1st best strategy for phonemes. Listen to a sequence and combine. "What word is /r/
/u/ /g/?"
Phoneme Segmentation - ANSW2nd best strategy for phonemes. Break up a word into sounds (can tap or count).
"How many sounds are in the word cat? /c/ /a/ /t/" (3) or What are the sounds in the word cat?
Phoneme Deletion - ANSWWhat is left when a phoneme (sound) is removed. "Tell me bike w/o the /b/. (ike)
Phoneme Addition - ANSWMake a new word by adding a phoneme. "Tell me a word you will have if you add /s/ to
mile." (Smile)
Phoneme Substitution - ANSWChange out a phoneme. "The word is map. Change the /p/ to /t/. What is the
word?" (mat)
When teach phonological awareness? - ANSWThe earlier the better! Larger gains for at-risk readers.
Invented spelling - ANSWSimilar to segmenting phonemes (but now representing with letters). More like phonetic
spelling. Good first step for kids 4-7.
Phonics - ANSWLetter/sound correspondences.
Graphemes - ANSWLetters
, Alphabetic Principle - ANSWWriting system design that associates phonemes with letters of an alphabet.
Alphabetic Understanding - ANSWUnderstanding that written words are composed of letters related to phonemic
segments of the words of oral language.
Spelling & Phonics - ANSW87% of words can be handled with phonics (44 phonemes total).
Phonological Awareness (not the same as phonemic awareness). - ANSWAn exclusively oral language activity. A
broad skill that includes identifying and manipulating units of oral language - parts such as words, syllables, and
onsets and rimes. Children are able to identify and make oral rhymes, can clap out the number of syllables in a
word, and can recognize words with the same initial sounds like 'money' and 'mother. Can involve work with
rhymes, words, syllables, onsets/rimes. Includes intonation, alliteration, etc.
Active Listening - ANSWProviding the speaker with feedback that indicates the message is being received and is
understood. Not evaluation, opinion or advice. Attitude of accepting another person.
Irregular Spelling - ANSWGraphemes do not map onto phonemes in a regular way (steak). Do not have a regular
letter-sound relationship.
Simple Sentence - ANSWIndependent clause: subject and verb.
Complex Sentence - ANSWIndependent clause and dependent clause.
Compound Sentence - ANSWTwo independent clauses.
Compound-Complex Sentence - ANSWA combination of a complex and a compound sentence.
Decomposing Numbers - ANSWBreak down numbers into their sub-parts. (Taking a standard number and changing
it into expanded form).
