NR 565 ADVANCED
PHARMACOLOGY FUNDAMENTALS
WEEK 2 2026 TEST PAPER VERIFIED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ Factors that affect drug absorption (5).
Answer: Rate of dissolution
Surface area
Blood flow
Lipid solubility
PH partitioning
◉ Factors that affect drug distribution (4).
Answer: Blood flow to tissues
Ability to exit vascular system
Blood-brain barrier
Protein-binding capacity
◉ Pharmacodynamics.
Answer: The study of biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs on
the body and the molecular mechanisms by which those effects are
produced
"What the body does to the drug"
,◉ Phamacodynamics: 3 mechanisms of action.
Answer: Receptor
Enzyme
Non-selective interactions (i.e. chemo)
◉ Types of drug therapy (7).
Answer: Acute
Maintenance (HTN/bc)
Supplemental (insulin)
Palliative
Supportive (IV fluid)
Prophylactic
Empirical (broad-spectrum abx)
◉ Idiosyncratic Effect.
Answer: Unexpected response to medication
◉ Tolerance.
Answer: Declining response to a drug
◉ Dependence.
Answer: Physiological/psychological need for a drug; needs drug for
normal function
, ◉ Addiction.
Answer: Compulsive use of a drug despite negative/dangerous effects
◉ Drug interactions: drug-drug.
Answer: When 2 drugs compete for metabolizing enzymes
◉ Drug interactions: food-drug.
Answer: Grapefruit juice or leafy greens
◉ Drug interactions: additive.
Answer: 1+1 = 2; both provide intended effect
◉ Drug interactions: antagonistic.
Answer: 1+1 = <2; less than desired effect of one or both drugs
◉ Drug interactions: synergistic.
Answer: 1+1 = >2; sum total effect is greater than if given alone (i.e.
lisinopril + HCTZ)
◉ Drug interactions: incompatibility.
Answer: 1+1 does not equal 2; two IV drugs given together causing
decomposition of one or both drugs
PHARMACOLOGY FUNDAMENTALS
WEEK 2 2026 TEST PAPER VERIFIED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ Factors that affect drug absorption (5).
Answer: Rate of dissolution
Surface area
Blood flow
Lipid solubility
PH partitioning
◉ Factors that affect drug distribution (4).
Answer: Blood flow to tissues
Ability to exit vascular system
Blood-brain barrier
Protein-binding capacity
◉ Pharmacodynamics.
Answer: The study of biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs on
the body and the molecular mechanisms by which those effects are
produced
"What the body does to the drug"
,◉ Phamacodynamics: 3 mechanisms of action.
Answer: Receptor
Enzyme
Non-selective interactions (i.e. chemo)
◉ Types of drug therapy (7).
Answer: Acute
Maintenance (HTN/bc)
Supplemental (insulin)
Palliative
Supportive (IV fluid)
Prophylactic
Empirical (broad-spectrum abx)
◉ Idiosyncratic Effect.
Answer: Unexpected response to medication
◉ Tolerance.
Answer: Declining response to a drug
◉ Dependence.
Answer: Physiological/psychological need for a drug; needs drug for
normal function
, ◉ Addiction.
Answer: Compulsive use of a drug despite negative/dangerous effects
◉ Drug interactions: drug-drug.
Answer: When 2 drugs compete for metabolizing enzymes
◉ Drug interactions: food-drug.
Answer: Grapefruit juice or leafy greens
◉ Drug interactions: additive.
Answer: 1+1 = 2; both provide intended effect
◉ Drug interactions: antagonistic.
Answer: 1+1 = <2; less than desired effect of one or both drugs
◉ Drug interactions: synergistic.
Answer: 1+1 = >2; sum total effect is greater than if given alone (i.e.
lisinopril + HCTZ)
◉ Drug interactions: incompatibility.
Answer: 1+1 does not equal 2; two IV drugs given together causing
decomposition of one or both drugs
