NR 509 TEST CHAPTER 8 REVISION
HANDBOOK 2026 SKIN LESIONS AND
CLINICAL FINDINGS INTERPRETATION
◉ SBAR.
Answer: Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation
(team communication).
◉ INTERPRET.
Answer: Introduce, Note goals, Transparency, Ethics, Respect,
Patient focus, Retain control, Explain, Thank (working with
interpreters).
◉ SPIKES.
Answer: Setting, Perception, Invitation, Knowledge, Emotions,
Strategy/Summary (delivering serious news).
◉ OARS.
Answer: Open-ended questions, Affirmations, Reflections,
Summaries (motivational interviewing).
◉ Informed Consent - 5 Elements.
,Answer: Nature of procedure, Risks and benefits, Alternatives, Risks
and benefits of alternatives, Patient understanding (requires
decisional capacity).
◉ Angry.
Answer: stay calm, validate, ensure safety.
◉ Confused/cognitively impaired.
Answer: clarify, involve caregiver.
◉ Emotional/tearful.
Answer: allow expression, respond with empathy.
◉ Low literacy.
Answer: use plain language + teach-back.
◉ Discriminatory or flirtatious.
Answer: set professional boundaries.
◉ Risk in EHR and Communication.
Answer: loss of eye contact, fragmented rapport.
, ◉ Strategies for EHR and Communication.
Answer: review before, face patient, share screen, narrate typing,
pause during sensitive topics.
◉ FIFE - Patient's Perspective.
Answer: Feelings → "How has this made you feel?" "What worries
you most?"
◉ NURSE - Responding to Emotions.
Answer: Name → "It sounds like this has been very stressful for you."
◉ Teach-Back - Confirming Understanding.
Answer: "I want to make sure I explained things clearly. Can you tell
me in your own words how you'll take this medication?"
◉ Shared Decision-Making (3-Talk Model).
Answer: Team Talk → "There are a few different ways we could
approach this, and I'd like us to decide together."
◉ SBAR - Interprofessional Communication.
Answer: Situation: "This is Ms. Jones, she came in today with chest
pain."
HANDBOOK 2026 SKIN LESIONS AND
CLINICAL FINDINGS INTERPRETATION
◉ SBAR.
Answer: Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation
(team communication).
◉ INTERPRET.
Answer: Introduce, Note goals, Transparency, Ethics, Respect,
Patient focus, Retain control, Explain, Thank (working with
interpreters).
◉ SPIKES.
Answer: Setting, Perception, Invitation, Knowledge, Emotions,
Strategy/Summary (delivering serious news).
◉ OARS.
Answer: Open-ended questions, Affirmations, Reflections,
Summaries (motivational interviewing).
◉ Informed Consent - 5 Elements.
,Answer: Nature of procedure, Risks and benefits, Alternatives, Risks
and benefits of alternatives, Patient understanding (requires
decisional capacity).
◉ Angry.
Answer: stay calm, validate, ensure safety.
◉ Confused/cognitively impaired.
Answer: clarify, involve caregiver.
◉ Emotional/tearful.
Answer: allow expression, respond with empathy.
◉ Low literacy.
Answer: use plain language + teach-back.
◉ Discriminatory or flirtatious.
Answer: set professional boundaries.
◉ Risk in EHR and Communication.
Answer: loss of eye contact, fragmented rapport.
, ◉ Strategies for EHR and Communication.
Answer: review before, face patient, share screen, narrate typing,
pause during sensitive topics.
◉ FIFE - Patient's Perspective.
Answer: Feelings → "How has this made you feel?" "What worries
you most?"
◉ NURSE - Responding to Emotions.
Answer: Name → "It sounds like this has been very stressful for you."
◉ Teach-Back - Confirming Understanding.
Answer: "I want to make sure I explained things clearly. Can you tell
me in your own words how you'll take this medication?"
◉ Shared Decision-Making (3-Talk Model).
Answer: Team Talk → "There are a few different ways we could
approach this, and I'd like us to decide together."
◉ SBAR - Interprofessional Communication.
Answer: Situation: "This is Ms. Jones, she came in today with chest
pain."
