TESTBANK FOR mcCANCE AND HUETHER’S
la la la la
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: The Biological Basis for Diseases in
la la la la la la la
la Adults and Children 9th Edition/All Chapters/Complete Guide
la la la la la la
2026-2027 la
, Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
la la la
MULTIPLE CHOICE la
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
la la la la la la la la la
a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
la la la la la la la la la
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.
la la la la l a la la la
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C la
Reasoning:->>>In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other la la la la la la la la la la la
substances from their surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their
la la la la la la la la la la la la
descriptions of cellular metabolic absorption.
la la la la la
PTS: l a l a 1 REF: l a PG 2 la
2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
la la la la la la la la la la la la la
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome l a l a
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C la
Reasoning:->>>The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed la la la la la la la la la
largely of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the
la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la
histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do not contain most of a cell’s
la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la
genetic information.
la la
PTS: l a l a 1 REF: l a PG 2 la
3. Which component of the cell prodNuUceRsSIhNyGd TroBg. CenO M
la p eroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen
la la la la la la la la
to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
la la la la la la la la la la la
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes l a
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B la
Reasoning:->>>Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that la la la la la la la la la
use oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction
la la la la la la la la la la la la la
that produces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it
la la la la la la la la la la la la la
accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes
la la la la la la la la la
(nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm
la la la la la la la la la la la la
through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are
la la la la la la la la la la la la
saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40
la la la la la la la la la la la la la
digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic
la la la la la la la la la la la
acids, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme production.
la la la la la la la la la
PTS: l a l a 1 REF: l a PG 8 la
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during
la la la la la la la la la la la la
cell injury?
la la
a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum la la
b. Golgi complex la d. Lysosomes l a
ACCURATE ANSWER:-D la
, Reasoning:->>>The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the la la la la la la la la la
powerful digestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, blocking their
la la la la la la la la la la la
leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments
la la la la la la la la la la la la
or cellular injury leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react
la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la
with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-digestion. The other options do not
la la la la la la la la la la la la
correctly describe this process.
la la la la
PTS: l a l a 1 REF: l a PGs 7-8 la
5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the
la la la la la la la la la la la la la la
la pancreas cells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
la la la la la la la la la la la
a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to
la la la la la la la la la la la la
the ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a secretory vesicle to the
la la la la la la la la la la la la la
cell membrane.
la la
b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
la la la la la la la la la la la la la
lysosome for synthesis, and is conducted in an encapsulated membrane to the
la la la la la la la la la la la la
cell membrane.
la la
c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the
la la la la la la la la la la la la
ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytoskeleton to the cell
la la la la la la la la la la la la
membrane.la
d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
la la la la la la la la la la la la la
Golgi complex for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytosol to the cell
la la la la la la la la la la la la la
membrane.la
ACCURATE ANSWER:-A la
Reasoning:->>>The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds la la la la la la la la la la la
to the ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a secretory vesicle to the cell
la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la
membrane. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
la la la la la la la la la la
PTS: l a l a 1 REF: l a PG 7 | Figure 1-5 la la la la
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
la la la la la la la la la
a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. M l a
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B la
Reasoning:->>>The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = la la la la la la la la la la la la la la
gap), which is the period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA
la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la
synthesis; (2) the S phase (S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell
la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la
nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period
la la la la la la la la la la la la la la
between the completion of DNA synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4) the M
la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la
phase, which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
la la la la la la la
PTS: l a l a 1 REF: l a PG 37 la
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting
la la la la la la la la la
as receptors, transportation/transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to
la la la la la la la la la
drive active pumps?
la la la
a. Lipids c. Proteins
b. Proteases d. Carbohydrates l a
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C la
, Reasoning:->>>Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for la la la la la la la la la
substances moving in and out of the cell; (2) pores or transportation/transport channels
la la la la la la la la la la la la la
for various electrically charged particles called ions or electrolytes and specific carriers
la la la la la la la la la la la la
for amino acids and monosaccharides; and
la la la la la la
(3) specific enzymes that drive active pumps that promote the concentration of certain
la la la la la la la la la la la la
ions, particularly potassium (K+), within the cell while keeping concentrations of other
la la la la la la la la la la la la
ions, for example, sodium (Na+), below the concentrations found in the extracellular
la la la la la la la la la la la la
environment. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
la la la la la la la la la la
PTS: l a l a 1 REF: l a PG 13 | PG 15 la la la la
8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-mediated la la la la la la la la la
apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing drug therapy for
la la la la la la la la la la la la
which human diseases?
la la la
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders la la la
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders la la la
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders la la la
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders la la la
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B la
Reasoning:->>>Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for la la la la la la la la la la
designing drug interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many
la la la la la la la la la la
human diseases, including cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. The
la la la la la la la la la
other options do not correctly describe this process.
la la la la la la la la
PTS: l a l a 1 REF: la la PG 15 la
9. Which structure blocks water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma
la
la la la la la la la la la la
membrane?
a. Carbohydrate chains la c. Membrane channel proteins la la
b. Glycoprotein channels la d. Lipid bilayer l a la
ACCURATE ANSWER:-D la
Reasoning:->>>The bilayer’s structure accounts for one of the essential functions of la la la la la la la la la la
the plasma membrane. It is impermeable to most water-soluble molecules (molecules
la la la la la la la la la la la
that dissolve in water) because the water-soluble molecules are insoluble in the oily
la la la la la la la la la la la la la
core region. The bilayer serves as a barrier to the diffusion of water and hydrophilic
la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la
substances while allowing lipid-soluble molecules, such as oxygen (O2) and carbon
la la la la la la la la la la la
dioxide (CO2), to diffuse through it readily. The other options do not correctly
la la la la la la la la la la la la la
describe this process.
la la la
PTS: l a l a 1 REF: l a PGs 12-13 la
10. The fluid mosaic model explains:
la la la la
a. How a cell membrane functions la la la la
b. Why our bodies appear to be solid la la la la la la
c. How tissue is differentiated la la la
d. How fluid moves between the intracellular and extracellular compartments
la la la la la la la la
ACCURATE ANSWER:-A la
Reasoning:->>>The fluid mosaic model accounts for the flexibility of cellular membranes, la la la la la la la la la la
their
la
self-sealing properties, and their impermeability to many substances. The remaining
la la la la la la la la la
options do not explain the mosaic model.
la la la la la la la
la la la la
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: The Biological Basis for Diseases in
la la la la la la la
la Adults and Children 9th Edition/All Chapters/Complete Guide
la la la la la la
2026-2027 la
, Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
la la la
MULTIPLE CHOICE la
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
la la la la la la la la la
a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
la la la la la la la la la
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.
la la la la l a la la la
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C la
Reasoning:->>>In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other la la la la la la la la la la la
substances from their surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their
la la la la la la la la la la la la
descriptions of cellular metabolic absorption.
la la la la la
PTS: l a l a 1 REF: l a PG 2 la
2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
la la la la la la la la la la la la la
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome l a l a
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C la
Reasoning:->>>The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed la la la la la la la la la
largely of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the
la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la
histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do not contain most of a cell’s
la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la
genetic information.
la la
PTS: l a l a 1 REF: l a PG 2 la
3. Which component of the cell prodNuUceRsSIhNyGd TroBg. CenO M
la p eroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen
la la la la la la la la
to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
la la la la la la la la la la la
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes l a
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B la
Reasoning:->>>Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that la la la la la la la la la
use oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction
la la la la la la la la la la la la la
that produces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it
la la la la la la la la la la la la la
accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes
la la la la la la la la la
(nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm
la la la la la la la la la la la la
through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are
la la la la la la la la la la la la
saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40
la la la la la la la la la la la la la
digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic
la la la la la la la la la la la
acids, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme production.
la la la la la la la la la
PTS: l a l a 1 REF: l a PG 8 la
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during
la la la la la la la la la la la la
cell injury?
la la
a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum la la
b. Golgi complex la d. Lysosomes l a
ACCURATE ANSWER:-D la
, Reasoning:->>>The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the la la la la la la la la la
powerful digestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, blocking their
la la la la la la la la la la la
leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments
la la la la la la la la la la la la
or cellular injury leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react
la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la
with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-digestion. The other options do not
la la la la la la la la la la la la
correctly describe this process.
la la la la
PTS: l a l a 1 REF: l a PGs 7-8 la
5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the
la la la la la la la la la la la la la la
la pancreas cells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
la la la la la la la la la la la
a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to
la la la la la la la la la la la la
the ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a secretory vesicle to the
la la la la la la la la la la la la la
cell membrane.
la la
b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
la la la la la la la la la la la la la
lysosome for synthesis, and is conducted in an encapsulated membrane to the
la la la la la la la la la la la la
cell membrane.
la la
c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the
la la la la la la la la la la la la
ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytoskeleton to the cell
la la la la la la la la la la la la
membrane.la
d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
la la la la la la la la la la la la la
Golgi complex for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytosol to the cell
la la la la la la la la la la la la la
membrane.la
ACCURATE ANSWER:-A la
Reasoning:->>>The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds la la la la la la la la la la la
to the ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a secretory vesicle to the cell
la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la
membrane. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
la la la la la la la la la la
PTS: l a l a 1 REF: l a PG 7 | Figure 1-5 la la la la
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
la la la la la la la la la
a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. M l a
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B la
Reasoning:->>>The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = la la la la la la la la la la la la la la
gap), which is the period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA
la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la
synthesis; (2) the S phase (S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell
la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la
nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period
la la la la la la la la la la la la la la
between the completion of DNA synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4) the M
la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la
phase, which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
la la la la la la la
PTS: l a l a 1 REF: l a PG 37 la
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting
la la la la la la la la la
as receptors, transportation/transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to
la la la la la la la la la
drive active pumps?
la la la
a. Lipids c. Proteins
b. Proteases d. Carbohydrates l a
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C la
, Reasoning:->>>Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for la la la la la la la la la
substances moving in and out of the cell; (2) pores or transportation/transport channels
la la la la la la la la la la la la la
for various electrically charged particles called ions or electrolytes and specific carriers
la la la la la la la la la la la la
for amino acids and monosaccharides; and
la la la la la la
(3) specific enzymes that drive active pumps that promote the concentration of certain
la la la la la la la la la la la la
ions, particularly potassium (K+), within the cell while keeping concentrations of other
la la la la la la la la la la la la
ions, for example, sodium (Na+), below the concentrations found in the extracellular
la la la la la la la la la la la la
environment. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
la la la la la la la la la la
PTS: l a l a 1 REF: l a PG 13 | PG 15 la la la la
8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-mediated la la la la la la la la la
apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing drug therapy for
la la la la la la la la la la la la
which human diseases?
la la la
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders la la la
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders la la la
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders la la la
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders la la la
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B la
Reasoning:->>>Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for la la la la la la la la la la
designing drug interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many
la la la la la la la la la la
human diseases, including cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. The
la la la la la la la la la
other options do not correctly describe this process.
la la la la la la la la
PTS: l a l a 1 REF: la la PG 15 la
9. Which structure blocks water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma
la
la la la la la la la la la la
membrane?
a. Carbohydrate chains la c. Membrane channel proteins la la
b. Glycoprotein channels la d. Lipid bilayer l a la
ACCURATE ANSWER:-D la
Reasoning:->>>The bilayer’s structure accounts for one of the essential functions of la la la la la la la la la la
the plasma membrane. It is impermeable to most water-soluble molecules (molecules
la la la la la la la la la la la
that dissolve in water) because the water-soluble molecules are insoluble in the oily
la la la la la la la la la la la la la
core region. The bilayer serves as a barrier to the diffusion of water and hydrophilic
la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la
substances while allowing lipid-soluble molecules, such as oxygen (O2) and carbon
la la la la la la la la la la la
dioxide (CO2), to diffuse through it readily. The other options do not correctly
la la la la la la la la la la la la la
describe this process.
la la la
PTS: l a l a 1 REF: l a PGs 12-13 la
10. The fluid mosaic model explains:
la la la la
a. How a cell membrane functions la la la la
b. Why our bodies appear to be solid la la la la la la
c. How tissue is differentiated la la la
d. How fluid moves between the intracellular and extracellular compartments
la la la la la la la la
ACCURATE ANSWER:-A la
Reasoning:->>>The fluid mosaic model accounts for the flexibility of cellular membranes, la la la la la la la la la la
their
la
self-sealing properties, and their impermeability to many substances. The remaining
la la la la la la la la la
options do not explain the mosaic model.
la la la la la la la
