WCU PATHO 370 Midterm Exam | Pathophysiology | Complete Practice Questions & Verified Answers
Tertiary Prevention Examples Counseling on medication; rehabilitation; supportive care; reducing disability
Latent Period time between exposure of tissue to injurious agent and first appearance of signs
and/or symptoms
Endemic Native to local region
Subclinical Disease no noticeable signs or symptoms (inapparent infection)
Etiology cause of disease
Idiopathic unknown cause
latrogenic Cause results from unintended or unwanted medical treatment
Primary prevention altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible persons ex:
vaccinations
Allostasis process by which the body achieves stability through homeostatis
Selye's 3 Phases of Stress Alarm reaction; resistance; exhaustian
sympathetic nervous system: Norepinephrine causes vasoconstriction & increases BP; Reduces gastric secretions; increases
night and far vision
sympathetic nervous system: epinephrine enhances myocardial contractility; increases HR & CO; causes bronchiodilation;
increases glucose release from liver
Hormones released during the stress response Cortisol
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Endorphines
Oxytocin
RAA pathway (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone)
Types of intracellular accumulation -Excessive amounts of normal intracellular substance
-Abnormal substances from faulty matabolism synthesis
-particles that the cell is unable to degrade
Cellular adaptation types -Atrophy: Decrease cell size
-Hypertrophy: increase cell size
-Hyperplasia: increase cell number
-Metaplasia: conversion of one cell type to another
-Dysplasia: disorderly growth
, WCU PATHO 370 Midterm Exam | Pathophysiology | Complete Practice Questions & Verified Answers
Coagulative necrosis this process begins with ischemia, ends with degradation of plasma membrane
(heart)
Liquefactive necrosis liquification of lysosomal enzymes, formation of abscess or cyst from dissolved
dead tissue (brain)
Fat necrosis death of adipose tissue, appears as chalk white area ,usually due to trauma or
pancreatitis (pancreas)
Caseous Necrosis characteristic of lung damage secondary to tuberculosis (bacterial infection;
resembles clumpy cheese (lung)
Apoptosis programmed cell death
Side effects of chemotherapy anemia
nausea
bleeding
infections
-oma tumor
carcinoma cancerous tumor (begins in kin or tissue that lines or covers body organs)
sarcoma malignant tumor (begins in bone or in soft tissue of the body)
staging the process of classifying tumors with respect to how far the disease has
progressed, the potential for its responding to therapy, and the patient's
prognosis (stage 0 to 4)
grading a way to classify cancer cells & is done by a pathologist
Degree of malignancy & differentiation
Low Grade (Grade I, II)
High Grade (Grade III, IV)
Deficits in immune system function in cancer chemotherapy
cancer cells
cancer metastasis to bone marrow
malnutrition
tumor marker functions help determine cancer origin
help identify progression of cancer
Hypersensitivity Type I strong genetic or herediatry linkage regarding IgE responses (allergens)
immediate hypersensitivity
release of histamine
Tertiary Prevention Examples Counseling on medication; rehabilitation; supportive care; reducing disability
Latent Period time between exposure of tissue to injurious agent and first appearance of signs
and/or symptoms
Endemic Native to local region
Subclinical Disease no noticeable signs or symptoms (inapparent infection)
Etiology cause of disease
Idiopathic unknown cause
latrogenic Cause results from unintended or unwanted medical treatment
Primary prevention altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible persons ex:
vaccinations
Allostasis process by which the body achieves stability through homeostatis
Selye's 3 Phases of Stress Alarm reaction; resistance; exhaustian
sympathetic nervous system: Norepinephrine causes vasoconstriction & increases BP; Reduces gastric secretions; increases
night and far vision
sympathetic nervous system: epinephrine enhances myocardial contractility; increases HR & CO; causes bronchiodilation;
increases glucose release from liver
Hormones released during the stress response Cortisol
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Endorphines
Oxytocin
RAA pathway (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone)
Types of intracellular accumulation -Excessive amounts of normal intracellular substance
-Abnormal substances from faulty matabolism synthesis
-particles that the cell is unable to degrade
Cellular adaptation types -Atrophy: Decrease cell size
-Hypertrophy: increase cell size
-Hyperplasia: increase cell number
-Metaplasia: conversion of one cell type to another
-Dysplasia: disorderly growth
, WCU PATHO 370 Midterm Exam | Pathophysiology | Complete Practice Questions & Verified Answers
Coagulative necrosis this process begins with ischemia, ends with degradation of plasma membrane
(heart)
Liquefactive necrosis liquification of lysosomal enzymes, formation of abscess or cyst from dissolved
dead tissue (brain)
Fat necrosis death of adipose tissue, appears as chalk white area ,usually due to trauma or
pancreatitis (pancreas)
Caseous Necrosis characteristic of lung damage secondary to tuberculosis (bacterial infection;
resembles clumpy cheese (lung)
Apoptosis programmed cell death
Side effects of chemotherapy anemia
nausea
bleeding
infections
-oma tumor
carcinoma cancerous tumor (begins in kin or tissue that lines or covers body organs)
sarcoma malignant tumor (begins in bone or in soft tissue of the body)
staging the process of classifying tumors with respect to how far the disease has
progressed, the potential for its responding to therapy, and the patient's
prognosis (stage 0 to 4)
grading a way to classify cancer cells & is done by a pathologist
Degree of malignancy & differentiation
Low Grade (Grade I, II)
High Grade (Grade III, IV)
Deficits in immune system function in cancer chemotherapy
cancer cells
cancer metastasis to bone marrow
malnutrition
tumor marker functions help determine cancer origin
help identify progression of cancer
Hypersensitivity Type I strong genetic or herediatry linkage regarding IgE responses (allergens)
immediate hypersensitivity
release of histamine
