Test Bank: Vander’s Human Physiology (16th Edition) by Eric
Widmaier – Chapters 1-19 Complete Exam Questions &
Verified Detailed Answers Bundle
,TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter Title Question Range
1 Homeostasis: A Framework for Human Physiology 1-60
2 Chemical Composition of the Body and Its Relation to Physiology 61-120
3 Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolic Pathways 121-180
4 Movement of Solutes and Water Across Cell Membranes 181-240
5 Cell Signaling in Physiology 241-300
6 Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System 301-360
7 Sensory Physiology 361-420
8 Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior 421-470
9 Muscle 471-530
10 Control of Body Movement 531-580
11 The Endocrine System 581-640
,Chapter Title Question Range
12 Cardiovascular Physiology 641-710
13 Respiratory Physiology 711-770
14 The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions 771-830
15 The Digestion and Absorption of Food 831-880
16 The Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance 881-930
17 Reproduction 931-980
18 The Immune System 981-1000
Chapter 1: Homeostasis: A Framework for Human
Physiology (Questions 1-60)
Question 1:
Identify the effectors in this homeostatic reflex: Eating a salt-rich meal increases blood
volume and pressure, stretching blood vessel walls. Nerve signals sent to the brainstem
stimulate changes in hormonal and neural signaling. The heart rate is slowed, blood
vessel walls are relaxed, and the kidneys increase urinary salt. The blood pressure returns
toward normal.
A) Brainstem and blood vessels
B) Blood vessels, hormones, and nerves
C) Heart, kidneys, and blood vessels
, D) Brainstem, blood vessels, and kidneys
E) Hormones and nerves
Answer: C) Heart, kidneys, and blood vessels
Rationale: Effectors are the organs or tissues that produce the response. In this
scenario, the heart (slowed rate), kidneys (increased salt excretion), and blood
vessels (relaxation) are the effectors. The brainstem is the integrating center, not an
effector.
Question 2:
What is a hormone?
A) A chemical released from a nerve cell that affects nearby cells across a synapse
B) A chemical released from an endocrine gland that affects target cells without entering
the bloodstream
C) A chemical found in the blood that catalyzes the destruction of ingested toxins and
foreign substances
D) A chemical secreted by an endocrine gland into the blood that travels to affect target
cells
E) A neurotransmitter that only affects cells in the nervous system
Answer: D) A chemical secreted by an endocrine gland into the blood that travels
to affect target cells
Rationale: Hormones are chemical messengers that are secreted by endocrine
glands into the blood. They travel through the bloodstream to reach target cells
that have specific receptors for that hormone. This distinguishes them from
neurotransmitters, which act locally across synapses.
Question 3:
Which structure is primarily involved in the initiation of voluntary body movements?
Widmaier – Chapters 1-19 Complete Exam Questions &
Verified Detailed Answers Bundle
,TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter Title Question Range
1 Homeostasis: A Framework for Human Physiology 1-60
2 Chemical Composition of the Body and Its Relation to Physiology 61-120
3 Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolic Pathways 121-180
4 Movement of Solutes and Water Across Cell Membranes 181-240
5 Cell Signaling in Physiology 241-300
6 Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System 301-360
7 Sensory Physiology 361-420
8 Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior 421-470
9 Muscle 471-530
10 Control of Body Movement 531-580
11 The Endocrine System 581-640
,Chapter Title Question Range
12 Cardiovascular Physiology 641-710
13 Respiratory Physiology 711-770
14 The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions 771-830
15 The Digestion and Absorption of Food 831-880
16 The Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance 881-930
17 Reproduction 931-980
18 The Immune System 981-1000
Chapter 1: Homeostasis: A Framework for Human
Physiology (Questions 1-60)
Question 1:
Identify the effectors in this homeostatic reflex: Eating a salt-rich meal increases blood
volume and pressure, stretching blood vessel walls. Nerve signals sent to the brainstem
stimulate changes in hormonal and neural signaling. The heart rate is slowed, blood
vessel walls are relaxed, and the kidneys increase urinary salt. The blood pressure returns
toward normal.
A) Brainstem and blood vessels
B) Blood vessels, hormones, and nerves
C) Heart, kidneys, and blood vessels
, D) Brainstem, blood vessels, and kidneys
E) Hormones and nerves
Answer: C) Heart, kidneys, and blood vessels
Rationale: Effectors are the organs or tissues that produce the response. In this
scenario, the heart (slowed rate), kidneys (increased salt excretion), and blood
vessels (relaxation) are the effectors. The brainstem is the integrating center, not an
effector.
Question 2:
What is a hormone?
A) A chemical released from a nerve cell that affects nearby cells across a synapse
B) A chemical released from an endocrine gland that affects target cells without entering
the bloodstream
C) A chemical found in the blood that catalyzes the destruction of ingested toxins and
foreign substances
D) A chemical secreted by an endocrine gland into the blood that travels to affect target
cells
E) A neurotransmitter that only affects cells in the nervous system
Answer: D) A chemical secreted by an endocrine gland into the blood that travels
to affect target cells
Rationale: Hormones are chemical messengers that are secreted by endocrine
glands into the blood. They travel through the bloodstream to reach target cells
that have specific receptors for that hormone. This distinguishes them from
neurotransmitters, which act locally across synapses.
Question 3:
Which structure is primarily involved in the initiation of voluntary body movements?
