NSG 3850 EXAM 3 LATEST UPDATE WITH ALL CORRECT ANSWERS – EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) PLUS RATIONALE
| 2027 Q&A | INSTANT DOWNLOAD PDF
1. A patient with acute kidney injury has a urine output of 250 mL over 24 hours.
Which term best describes this finding?
A. Nocturia
B. Dysuria
C. Polyuria
D. Oliguria
Rationale: Oliguria refers to markedly decreased urine output, generally less than
approximately 400 mL in 24 hours in an adult. Polyuria indicates excessive urine production,
while dysuria refers to painful urination.
2. Which laboratory value is most useful for evaluating the kidney's ability to
eliminate nitrogenous waste?
A. Serum creatinine
B. Serum amylase
C. Hemoglobin
D. Serum bilirubin
Rationale: Serum creatinine is a major indicator of renal filtration because it is produced
relatively consistently and eliminated primarily through the kidneys. Rising levels commonly
indicate reduced glomerular filtration.
3. A patient with impaired renal function is being monitored for electrolyte
abnormalities. Which imbalance requires particular attention because it can
produce life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias?
A. Hypocalcemia
B. Hypernatremia
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Hypochloremia
Rationale: Reduced renal potassium excretion can cause hyperkalemia. Significant elevations in
serum potassium can alter cardiac conduction and lead to potentially fatal dysrhythmias.
4. A patient with chronic kidney disease develops anemia. Which mechanism best
explains this complication?
A. Excessive iron absorption
B. Increased platelet destruction
,C. Excessive erythrocyte production
D. Decreased erythropoietin production
Rationale: Diseased kidneys produce less erythropoietin, the hormone that stimulates bone
marrow red blood cell production. Reduced erythropoietin contributes substantially to anemia
associated with chronic kidney disease.
5. A patient with chronic kidney disease asks why dietary sodium restriction has
been prescribed. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?
A. “It prevents all forms of kidney infection.”
B. “It helps reduce fluid retention and blood pressure.”
C. “It increases potassium elimination through the kidneys.”
D. “It directly increases erythropoietin production.”
Rationale: Sodium promotes water retention. Restricting sodium can help reduce extracellular
fluid volume, edema, and hypertension, which are important concerns in chronic kidney disease.
6. A patient with nephrotic syndrome has significant generalized edema. Which
pathophysiologic change primarily contributes to this finding?
A. Increased serum albumin
B. Increased erythropoietin production
C. Loss of plasma proteins through the urine
D. Increased renal potassium excretion
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome causes marked proteinuria. Loss of albumin decreases plasma
oncotic pressure, allowing fluid to move into tissues and produce edema.
7. Which assessment finding is most characteristic of nephritic syndrome?
A. Hematuria with reduced glomerular filtration
B. Massive protein loss without inflammation
C. Severe hyperglycemia with polyuria
D. Increased urine output with dilute urine
Rationale: Nephritic syndrome is associated with glomerular inflammation and commonly
presents with hematuria, hypertension, edema, and reduced renal function. Massive proteinuria
is more characteristic of nephrotic syndrome.
8. A patient develops cola-colored urine several days after a streptococcal infection.
Which condition should the nurse suspect?
A. Renal calculi
B. Nephrotic syndrome
, C. Cystitis
D. Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
Rationale: Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis can develop after certain streptococcal
infections. Hematuria may cause urine to appear smoky, tea-colored, or cola-colored.
9. Which finding would be most concerning in a patient with acute
glomerulonephritis?
A. Mild fatigue
B. Severely elevated blood pressure with headache
C. Slight decrease in appetite
D. Mild urinary frequency
Rationale: Acute glomerulonephritis can cause significant fluid retention and hypertension.
Severe hypertension increases the risk of neurologic and cardiovascular complications and
requires prompt attention.
10. A patient with chronic kidney disease is prescribed phosphate restriction. Why is
this intervention important?
A. Phosphate restriction increases gastric acid production.
B. It prevents urinary tract infections.
C. It helps reduce complications associated with renal bone-mineral disorders.
D. It directly increases red blood cell production.
Rationale: Diseased kidneys have impaired phosphate excretion. Hyperphosphatemia
contributes to disturbances in calcium and parathyroid hormone regulation and can promote
renal osteodystrophy.
11. A patient with kidney stones reports severe flank pain radiating toward the groin.
Which additional finding would the nurse expect?
A. Bradycardia
B. Hematuria
C. Absent bowel sounds
D. Painless urinary retention
Rationale: Ureteral stones commonly cause severe colicky flank pain that may radiate toward
the groin. Irritation of the urinary tract can produce microscopic or gross hematuria.
12. Which intervention is generally appropriate for a patient with a urinary stone
when not contraindicated?
A. Restrict all oral fluids
B. Maintain strict bed rest
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) PLUS RATIONALE
| 2027 Q&A | INSTANT DOWNLOAD PDF
1. A patient with acute kidney injury has a urine output of 250 mL over 24 hours.
Which term best describes this finding?
A. Nocturia
B. Dysuria
C. Polyuria
D. Oliguria
Rationale: Oliguria refers to markedly decreased urine output, generally less than
approximately 400 mL in 24 hours in an adult. Polyuria indicates excessive urine production,
while dysuria refers to painful urination.
2. Which laboratory value is most useful for evaluating the kidney's ability to
eliminate nitrogenous waste?
A. Serum creatinine
B. Serum amylase
C. Hemoglobin
D. Serum bilirubin
Rationale: Serum creatinine is a major indicator of renal filtration because it is produced
relatively consistently and eliminated primarily through the kidneys. Rising levels commonly
indicate reduced glomerular filtration.
3. A patient with impaired renal function is being monitored for electrolyte
abnormalities. Which imbalance requires particular attention because it can
produce life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias?
A. Hypocalcemia
B. Hypernatremia
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Hypochloremia
Rationale: Reduced renal potassium excretion can cause hyperkalemia. Significant elevations in
serum potassium can alter cardiac conduction and lead to potentially fatal dysrhythmias.
4. A patient with chronic kidney disease develops anemia. Which mechanism best
explains this complication?
A. Excessive iron absorption
B. Increased platelet destruction
,C. Excessive erythrocyte production
D. Decreased erythropoietin production
Rationale: Diseased kidneys produce less erythropoietin, the hormone that stimulates bone
marrow red blood cell production. Reduced erythropoietin contributes substantially to anemia
associated with chronic kidney disease.
5. A patient with chronic kidney disease asks why dietary sodium restriction has
been prescribed. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?
A. “It prevents all forms of kidney infection.”
B. “It helps reduce fluid retention and blood pressure.”
C. “It increases potassium elimination through the kidneys.”
D. “It directly increases erythropoietin production.”
Rationale: Sodium promotes water retention. Restricting sodium can help reduce extracellular
fluid volume, edema, and hypertension, which are important concerns in chronic kidney disease.
6. A patient with nephrotic syndrome has significant generalized edema. Which
pathophysiologic change primarily contributes to this finding?
A. Increased serum albumin
B. Increased erythropoietin production
C. Loss of plasma proteins through the urine
D. Increased renal potassium excretion
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome causes marked proteinuria. Loss of albumin decreases plasma
oncotic pressure, allowing fluid to move into tissues and produce edema.
7. Which assessment finding is most characteristic of nephritic syndrome?
A. Hematuria with reduced glomerular filtration
B. Massive protein loss without inflammation
C. Severe hyperglycemia with polyuria
D. Increased urine output with dilute urine
Rationale: Nephritic syndrome is associated with glomerular inflammation and commonly
presents with hematuria, hypertension, edema, and reduced renal function. Massive proteinuria
is more characteristic of nephrotic syndrome.
8. A patient develops cola-colored urine several days after a streptococcal infection.
Which condition should the nurse suspect?
A. Renal calculi
B. Nephrotic syndrome
, C. Cystitis
D. Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
Rationale: Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis can develop after certain streptococcal
infections. Hematuria may cause urine to appear smoky, tea-colored, or cola-colored.
9. Which finding would be most concerning in a patient with acute
glomerulonephritis?
A. Mild fatigue
B. Severely elevated blood pressure with headache
C. Slight decrease in appetite
D. Mild urinary frequency
Rationale: Acute glomerulonephritis can cause significant fluid retention and hypertension.
Severe hypertension increases the risk of neurologic and cardiovascular complications and
requires prompt attention.
10. A patient with chronic kidney disease is prescribed phosphate restriction. Why is
this intervention important?
A. Phosphate restriction increases gastric acid production.
B. It prevents urinary tract infections.
C. It helps reduce complications associated with renal bone-mineral disorders.
D. It directly increases red blood cell production.
Rationale: Diseased kidneys have impaired phosphate excretion. Hyperphosphatemia
contributes to disturbances in calcium and parathyroid hormone regulation and can promote
renal osteodystrophy.
11. A patient with kidney stones reports severe flank pain radiating toward the groin.
Which additional finding would the nurse expect?
A. Bradycardia
B. Hematuria
C. Absent bowel sounds
D. Painless urinary retention
Rationale: Ureteral stones commonly cause severe colicky flank pain that may radiate toward
the groin. Irritation of the urinary tract can produce microscopic or gross hematuria.
12. Which intervention is generally appropriate for a patient with a urinary stone
when not contraindicated?
A. Restrict all oral fluids
B. Maintain strict bed rest
