lOMoARcPSD|59750855
NSG 3850 Pathophysiology II
Pathophysiology For Nurses II (Galen College of Nursing)
, lOMoARcPSD|59750855
Foundational Reminders / Review Concepts
These should be fresh in your mind, as they underpin all disease processes:
1. Cellular injury, adaptation, and death
o Types of injury: ischemia, hypoxia, toxins, infections, genetic,
immune
o Adaptations: hypertrophy, hyperplasia, atrophy, metaplasia
o Apoptosis vs necrosis
2. Inflammation & repair
o Acute vs chronic inflammation
o Mediators (histamine, cytokines, prostaglandins, etc.)
o Outcomes (resolution, fibrosis, chronic inflammation)
3. Fluid, electrolyte, acid-base balance
o Compartments: intracellular, extracellular, intravascular,
interstitial
o Electrolyte shifts (Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Cl⁻)
o Acid-base imbalances: respiratory vs metabolic acidosis/alkalosis;
compensation
4. Perfusion and oxygenation basics
o Oxygen delivery, hemoglobin–oxygen dissociation curve
o Hypoxia, ischemia, shock
o Vascular alterations: thrombosis, embolism
5. Homeostatic mechanisms & feedback loops
o Endocrine regulation, feedback inhibition
o Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), ADH, natriuretic
peptides
Major Units / Organ System Disorders
NSG 3850 Pathophysiology II
Pathophysiology For Nurses II (Galen College of Nursing)
, lOMoARcPSD|59750855
Foundational Reminders / Review Concepts
These should be fresh in your mind, as they underpin all disease processes:
1. Cellular injury, adaptation, and death
o Types of injury: ischemia, hypoxia, toxins, infections, genetic,
immune
o Adaptations: hypertrophy, hyperplasia, atrophy, metaplasia
o Apoptosis vs necrosis
2. Inflammation & repair
o Acute vs chronic inflammation
o Mediators (histamine, cytokines, prostaglandins, etc.)
o Outcomes (resolution, fibrosis, chronic inflammation)
3. Fluid, electrolyte, acid-base balance
o Compartments: intracellular, extracellular, intravascular,
interstitial
o Electrolyte shifts (Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Cl⁻)
o Acid-base imbalances: respiratory vs metabolic acidosis/alkalosis;
compensation
4. Perfusion and oxygenation basics
o Oxygen delivery, hemoglobin–oxygen dissociation curve
o Hypoxia, ischemia, shock
o Vascular alterations: thrombosis, embolism
5. Homeostatic mechanisms & feedback loops
o Endocrine regulation, feedback inhibition
o Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), ADH, natriuretic
peptides
Major Units / Organ System Disorders
