Psych 2520 Final Exam Questions With Complete Solutions
Describe the visual pathway. Correct Answers The retina-
thalamic-striate cortex pathway carries visual information. The
axons of retinal ganglion cells form the optic nerve. The nerves
decussate at the optic chasm. They become the optic tracts as
they enter the brain, terminating at the LGN of the thalamus.
The visual information is further carried via the optic radiation
to the striate cortex or primary visual cortex.
How can fear and anxiety be reproduced in the lab? Correct
Answers Through classical conditioning using a skinner or
operant chamber.
NS (tone): No heightened fear response.
UCS (shock): UCR (BP spike and freezing).
NS+UCS pairing (conditioning).
CS --> CR (BP Spike and freezing).
How does sensory transduction work in receptor cells of the
skin? Correct Answers Stimulus energies are transduce into
receptor/generator potential, a type of passive potential that is
generally a depolarizing event resulting from inward current
flow.
From sensory receptors the electrical signal carrying the sensory
information flows to the thalamus (i.e. visual pathway) or to the
spinal cord and the brainstem (i.e. the dorsal column-medial
, lemniscus pathway for touch, vibration and proprioception). The
information is conveyed to the thalamus and then to the primary
sensory cortical areas.
How is prolonged stress injurious to the brain? Correct Answers
Excessive release of norepinephrine, epinephrine and cortisol in
circulation will over stimulate neurons, releasing massive
quantities of glutamate, which in turn cause toxic effects
(excitotoxicity).
How is the limbic system (emotion center) connected? Correct
Answers The Papez circuit
What are common anxiety disorders? Correct Answers Phobia,
generalized anxiety disorder, OCD, PTSD.
What are common pathological consequences of prolonged
stress? Correct Answers Fatigue, muscle wasting, diabetes,
hypertension, ulcers, psychogenic dwarfism, bone
decalcification, suppression of ovulation, loss of libido, impaired
disease resistance, apathy, accelerated neural degeneration
during aging.
What are concordance rates? Correct Answers The probability
that one twin develops the disorder when the other twin has it.
Identical twin (monozygotic) > fraternal twins (dizygotic)
What are mach bands? Correct Answers They are along the
boundary between adjacent shades of grey. They are illusory
Describe the visual pathway. Correct Answers The retina-
thalamic-striate cortex pathway carries visual information. The
axons of retinal ganglion cells form the optic nerve. The nerves
decussate at the optic chasm. They become the optic tracts as
they enter the brain, terminating at the LGN of the thalamus.
The visual information is further carried via the optic radiation
to the striate cortex or primary visual cortex.
How can fear and anxiety be reproduced in the lab? Correct
Answers Through classical conditioning using a skinner or
operant chamber.
NS (tone): No heightened fear response.
UCS (shock): UCR (BP spike and freezing).
NS+UCS pairing (conditioning).
CS --> CR (BP Spike and freezing).
How does sensory transduction work in receptor cells of the
skin? Correct Answers Stimulus energies are transduce into
receptor/generator potential, a type of passive potential that is
generally a depolarizing event resulting from inward current
flow.
From sensory receptors the electrical signal carrying the sensory
information flows to the thalamus (i.e. visual pathway) or to the
spinal cord and the brainstem (i.e. the dorsal column-medial
, lemniscus pathway for touch, vibration and proprioception). The
information is conveyed to the thalamus and then to the primary
sensory cortical areas.
How is prolonged stress injurious to the brain? Correct Answers
Excessive release of norepinephrine, epinephrine and cortisol in
circulation will over stimulate neurons, releasing massive
quantities of glutamate, which in turn cause toxic effects
(excitotoxicity).
How is the limbic system (emotion center) connected? Correct
Answers The Papez circuit
What are common anxiety disorders? Correct Answers Phobia,
generalized anxiety disorder, OCD, PTSD.
What are common pathological consequences of prolonged
stress? Correct Answers Fatigue, muscle wasting, diabetes,
hypertension, ulcers, psychogenic dwarfism, bone
decalcification, suppression of ovulation, loss of libido, impaired
disease resistance, apathy, accelerated neural degeneration
during aging.
What are concordance rates? Correct Answers The probability
that one twin develops the disorder when the other twin has it.
Identical twin (monozygotic) > fraternal twins (dizygotic)
What are mach bands? Correct Answers They are along the
boundary between adjacent shades of grey. They are illusory
