Praxis Early Childhood Education 5025 Language & Literacy Final Exam Test 2026\2027.
Oral Language acquisition
Pre-linguistic birth-10 months:
discriminate speech from other sounds
Discover phonemes: /ma/ /ba/ etc.
1 month: start crying or producing sounds to convey information (hungry, hurt etc)
Cooing in response to pleasure
6 months: babbling phase
9-10 Months: intonation patterns and rephrase babble that sounds like words.
Holophrastic period 12-18 months:
Single word phrase. Single words convey meaning.
Name person, objects, places
Vocabulary ~30 words
Says "no" meaningfully
Understand what's being said
Telegraphic period 2-3 years
Two word phrases
Recites familiar rhymes
30 months: acquiring rules of syntax
Complex period 3-5 Years:
Acquisition slows vocabulary grows
Morphology
"foots" Mans" overgeneralization of rules
Syntax and complex questions
Semantics
Written Language acquisition
Pre Phonemic 0-6:
No link between phonemes and graphemes
Random scribbling
Controlled Scribbling
Circular Scribbling
Drawing to convey messages
Mock Letters
,Praxis Early Childhood Education 5025 Language & Literacy Final Exam Test 2026\2027.
Letter strings directional and down the page, no correlation to words
Separated words spaces present
Learning to spell: 6 years:
Graphemes = phonemes
Basic motor skills and basic spelling
Consolidation 7-8 Years:
Writing = spoken language
casual, colloquial, lots of clauses
Differentiation 9-10 Years:
Writing different than speech
Writing for different audiences
Integration mid teens:
Personal voice present
Appropriate linguistic choices made
Spelling Stages
Prephonemic - scribbling and mock letters
Semiphonetic: link letters and sounds to write
Phonetic - phonemes represented by graphemes
Phonics spelling stages
Logographic: words learned as whole units. Embedded in a logo
Alphabetic: Use individual letters and sounds to identify
Orthographic: patterns in words to identify words w/o sounding them out
Environmental Print
Print in every day life logos and symbols
Print Concepts
Difference between letters, words, puncutation, directionality.
, Praxis Early Childhood Education 5025 Language & Literacy Final Exam Test 2026\2027.
Phonological awareness importance
Predictor of reading ability
Alliteration
Matching beginning sounds of words
Rhyme
Matching end sounds of words
Sentence Segmentation
Sentences broken into individual words
Syllables
Small sounds in words
Onset and Rime
Initial consonant + vowel and after
Phonemes
Smallest unit of sound
Blending
Putting a word back together
Segmenting
Pulling a word apart
Deletion
Deleting a sound or part of a word
CVC
consonant vowel consonant, cat hot tip man hut
CCVC
Consonant consonant vowel consonant: hunt, fast, cart, milk, want
Irregularly spelled words
Words that are not spelled as they sound
Homonyms
Words which sound alike or are spelled alike but have a different meaning
Homophones
A word that is pronounced the same as another word but differs in meaning
Sight Word
Words recognized within three seconds: read without decoding
Oral Language acquisition
Pre-linguistic birth-10 months:
discriminate speech from other sounds
Discover phonemes: /ma/ /ba/ etc.
1 month: start crying or producing sounds to convey information (hungry, hurt etc)
Cooing in response to pleasure
6 months: babbling phase
9-10 Months: intonation patterns and rephrase babble that sounds like words.
Holophrastic period 12-18 months:
Single word phrase. Single words convey meaning.
Name person, objects, places
Vocabulary ~30 words
Says "no" meaningfully
Understand what's being said
Telegraphic period 2-3 years
Two word phrases
Recites familiar rhymes
30 months: acquiring rules of syntax
Complex period 3-5 Years:
Acquisition slows vocabulary grows
Morphology
"foots" Mans" overgeneralization of rules
Syntax and complex questions
Semantics
Written Language acquisition
Pre Phonemic 0-6:
No link between phonemes and graphemes
Random scribbling
Controlled Scribbling
Circular Scribbling
Drawing to convey messages
Mock Letters
,Praxis Early Childhood Education 5025 Language & Literacy Final Exam Test 2026\2027.
Letter strings directional and down the page, no correlation to words
Separated words spaces present
Learning to spell: 6 years:
Graphemes = phonemes
Basic motor skills and basic spelling
Consolidation 7-8 Years:
Writing = spoken language
casual, colloquial, lots of clauses
Differentiation 9-10 Years:
Writing different than speech
Writing for different audiences
Integration mid teens:
Personal voice present
Appropriate linguistic choices made
Spelling Stages
Prephonemic - scribbling and mock letters
Semiphonetic: link letters and sounds to write
Phonetic - phonemes represented by graphemes
Phonics spelling stages
Logographic: words learned as whole units. Embedded in a logo
Alphabetic: Use individual letters and sounds to identify
Orthographic: patterns in words to identify words w/o sounding them out
Environmental Print
Print in every day life logos and symbols
Print Concepts
Difference between letters, words, puncutation, directionality.
, Praxis Early Childhood Education 5025 Language & Literacy Final Exam Test 2026\2027.
Phonological awareness importance
Predictor of reading ability
Alliteration
Matching beginning sounds of words
Rhyme
Matching end sounds of words
Sentence Segmentation
Sentences broken into individual words
Syllables
Small sounds in words
Onset and Rime
Initial consonant + vowel and after
Phonemes
Smallest unit of sound
Blending
Putting a word back together
Segmenting
Pulling a word apart
Deletion
Deleting a sound or part of a word
CVC
consonant vowel consonant, cat hot tip man hut
CCVC
Consonant consonant vowel consonant: hunt, fast, cart, milk, want
Irregularly spelled words
Words that are not spelled as they sound
Homonyms
Words which sound alike or are spelled alike but have a different meaning
Homophones
A word that is pronounced the same as another word but differs in meaning
Sight Word
Words recognized within three seconds: read without decoding
