Question 1
A decrease in workload, use, pressure, or blood supply appropriately describes:
A. physiologic atrophy.
B. pathologic atrophy.
C. hypertrophy.
D. hyperplasia.
CORRECT ANSWER
B. pathologic atrophy.
Pathologic atrophy is a decrease in cell size due to decreased use. Physiologic atrophy
usually occurs early in development; for example, the thymus gland atrophies during
childhood. Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size. Hyperplasia is an increase in the number
of cells.
Question 2
The appropriate term for the reversible replacement of one mature cell by another is:
A. metaplasia.
B. hyperplasia.
C. dysplasia.
D. atypical hyperplasia.
CORRECT ANSWER
A. metaplasia.
1
@THE STUDY VAULT
,The term metaplasia refers to one cell type being replaced by another. Hyperplasia is an
increase in the number of cells, not a change in their type. Dysplasia, also referred to as
atypical hyperplasia, refers to abnormal changes in the size, shape, and organization of cells.
Question 3
The ability to increase intracellular calcium concentrations and affect the nervous and
hematopoietic systems is a characteristic of:
A. carbon monoxide.
B. carbon tetrachloride.
C. lead.
D. mercury.
CORRECT ANSWER
C. lead.
Lead is able to increase intracellular calcium concentrations and may also become a calcium
substitute. It affects the hematopoietic system. It is often found in paint, dirt, and pottery.
Carbon tetrachloride, formerly used in dry cleaning, is converted into a highly toxic free
radical that damages the liver. Carbon monoxide is an asphyxiate gas that interrupts
respiration. Mercury is a heavy metal and can worsen chronic diseases like Alzheimer
disease and multiple sclerosis.
Question 4
A patient with a collection of blood that is located between the skull and the dura is
diagnosed with a condition referred to as a(n):
A. epidural hematoma.
B. contusion.
C. subdural hematoma.
2
@THE STUDY VAULT
,D. abrasion.
CORRECT ANSWER
A. epidural hematoma.
An epidural hematoma is a collection of blood between the inner surface of the skull and the
dura. A subdural hematoma is a collection of blood between the surface of the dura and the
brain. A contusion is a bruise or bleeding into the skin and underlying tissue. Abrasion is a
scrape caused by removal of the superficial layers of the skin.
Question 5
A tear or rip of the skin with a jagged and irregular edge is described as a(n):
A. abrasion.
B. incision.
C. laceration.
D. avulsion.
CORRECT ANSWER
C. laceration.
Lacerations occur when the tensile strength of the skin is exceeded. An incision is a precise
cut with an instrument that leaves regular clean edges. In a laceration, edges are often
jagged and irregular. An abrasion results from the removal of the superficial layers of the
skin caused by friction between the skin and the injuring object. An avulsion is an injury in
which an area of tissue is pulled away, creating a flap.
Question 6
A characteristic of a stab wound includes:
A. the injury is deeper than it is long.
B. the injury is longer than it is deep.
3
@THE STUDY VAULT
, C. there is a broken bone.
D. there is significant crush injury.
CORRECT ANSWER
A. the injury is deeper than it is long.
The injury is deeper than it is long. There is little crush injury because the object used is
sharp and it makes a clean entrance. An injury that is longer than it is deep is considered an
incised wound. A broken bone is a fracture.
Question 7
The appropriate term for fragments of burning or unburned pieces of gunpowder that are
embedded in the epidermis is:
A. exit wound.
B. stippling.
C. blowback.
D. tattooing.
CORRECT ANSWER
D. tattooing.
Tattooing results from fragments of burning or unburned pieces of gunpowder exiting the
barrel and striking the skin surface with enough force to be driven into the epidermis.
Stippling results when fragments of gunpowder strike the skin with enough force to abrade
the skin but not actually penetrate the surface. An exit wound is where the bullet exits the
body. Blowback is disruption of the tissues resulting in large, gaping, and jagged appearance
to the wound.
Question 8
Which term describes oxygen failing to reach the blood?
4
@THE STUDY VAULT
A decrease in workload, use, pressure, or blood supply appropriately describes:
A. physiologic atrophy.
B. pathologic atrophy.
C. hypertrophy.
D. hyperplasia.
CORRECT ANSWER
B. pathologic atrophy.
Pathologic atrophy is a decrease in cell size due to decreased use. Physiologic atrophy
usually occurs early in development; for example, the thymus gland atrophies during
childhood. Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size. Hyperplasia is an increase in the number
of cells.
Question 2
The appropriate term for the reversible replacement of one mature cell by another is:
A. metaplasia.
B. hyperplasia.
C. dysplasia.
D. atypical hyperplasia.
CORRECT ANSWER
A. metaplasia.
1
@THE STUDY VAULT
,The term metaplasia refers to one cell type being replaced by another. Hyperplasia is an
increase in the number of cells, not a change in their type. Dysplasia, also referred to as
atypical hyperplasia, refers to abnormal changes in the size, shape, and organization of cells.
Question 3
The ability to increase intracellular calcium concentrations and affect the nervous and
hematopoietic systems is a characteristic of:
A. carbon monoxide.
B. carbon tetrachloride.
C. lead.
D. mercury.
CORRECT ANSWER
C. lead.
Lead is able to increase intracellular calcium concentrations and may also become a calcium
substitute. It affects the hematopoietic system. It is often found in paint, dirt, and pottery.
Carbon tetrachloride, formerly used in dry cleaning, is converted into a highly toxic free
radical that damages the liver. Carbon monoxide is an asphyxiate gas that interrupts
respiration. Mercury is a heavy metal and can worsen chronic diseases like Alzheimer
disease and multiple sclerosis.
Question 4
A patient with a collection of blood that is located between the skull and the dura is
diagnosed with a condition referred to as a(n):
A. epidural hematoma.
B. contusion.
C. subdural hematoma.
2
@THE STUDY VAULT
,D. abrasion.
CORRECT ANSWER
A. epidural hematoma.
An epidural hematoma is a collection of blood between the inner surface of the skull and the
dura. A subdural hematoma is a collection of blood between the surface of the dura and the
brain. A contusion is a bruise or bleeding into the skin and underlying tissue. Abrasion is a
scrape caused by removal of the superficial layers of the skin.
Question 5
A tear or rip of the skin with a jagged and irregular edge is described as a(n):
A. abrasion.
B. incision.
C. laceration.
D. avulsion.
CORRECT ANSWER
C. laceration.
Lacerations occur when the tensile strength of the skin is exceeded. An incision is a precise
cut with an instrument that leaves regular clean edges. In a laceration, edges are often
jagged and irregular. An abrasion results from the removal of the superficial layers of the
skin caused by friction between the skin and the injuring object. An avulsion is an injury in
which an area of tissue is pulled away, creating a flap.
Question 6
A characteristic of a stab wound includes:
A. the injury is deeper than it is long.
B. the injury is longer than it is deep.
3
@THE STUDY VAULT
, C. there is a broken bone.
D. there is significant crush injury.
CORRECT ANSWER
A. the injury is deeper than it is long.
The injury is deeper than it is long. There is little crush injury because the object used is
sharp and it makes a clean entrance. An injury that is longer than it is deep is considered an
incised wound. A broken bone is a fracture.
Question 7
The appropriate term for fragments of burning or unburned pieces of gunpowder that are
embedded in the epidermis is:
A. exit wound.
B. stippling.
C. blowback.
D. tattooing.
CORRECT ANSWER
D. tattooing.
Tattooing results from fragments of burning or unburned pieces of gunpowder exiting the
barrel and striking the skin surface with enough force to be driven into the epidermis.
Stippling results when fragments of gunpowder strike the skin with enough force to abrade
the skin but not actually penetrate the surface. An exit wound is where the bullet exits the
body. Blowback is disruption of the tissues resulting in large, gaping, and jagged appearance
to the wound.
Question 8
Which term describes oxygen failing to reach the blood?
4
@THE STUDY VAULT
