CRCR CERTIFICATION SCRIPT 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◍ Neutron star.
Answer: The very dense core left after a supernova
◍ Hydrostatic equilibrium.
Answer: Where the outward pressure from the nuclear fusion balances the
force of gravity pulling everything inwards
◍ induced magnets.
Answer: magnetic materials that become magnetised when placed into a
magnetic field - when you remove the magnetic field, it quickly loses most
of its magnetism
◍ number of turns on the primary coil : number of turns on the secondary coil.
Answer: = input voltage : output voltage ; the ratio of the number of TURNS
(not coils) is the same as the ratio of the voltage
◍ This is where the object does NOT return to its original shaped after it is
deformed..
Answer: What is meant by inelastic deformation?
◍ Black dwarf.
Answer: A white dwarf cools down and starts to emit less and less energy -
it becomes this when it no longer emits a significant amount
◍ Ee (elastic energy).
Answer: = 0.5ke²(the energy topic is covered in more detail in paper 1)
◍ Red giant.
Answer: When the hydrogen runs out, a small star will swell into this; it
, becomes red because the surface cools - and fusion of helium occurs, and
elements less heavy than iron (and iron) are created in the core
◍ infra red.
Answer: what kind of radiation is emitted from hot objects?
◍ speed (m/s).
Answer: = distance (m) ÷ time (s)
◍ Main sequence star.
Answer: A long stable period for the star where it is in hydrostatic
equilibrium - this typically lasts several billion years, and the sun is
currently in the middle of this period
◍ Dark matter.
Answer: We know little to nothing about it - all we know is that it has a lot -
a lot - of gravity, enough to pull stars together to make galaxies, and to bend
light around it - and it doesn't reflect or emit light
◍ mass.
Answer: the measure of the amount of matter that anything (including
people) are made up of (this is a scalar)
◍ terminal velocity.
Answer: when the weight going downwards is equal to the air resistance
going upwards
◍ EM spectrum mnemonic.
Answer: Red Monkeys In Vans Use X-ray Guns
◍ resultant forces.
Answer: the eventual force of two forces acting on one object- if the forces
are acting in the same/opposite directions, just add/subtract- if they are
acting at an angle to each other: - draw a scale drawing of all the forces
acting - measure the distance from tip to tip of the forces; thats the resultant
force - use a protractor to find a bearing for the force, as force is a vector (so
has to have direction too)
, ◍ Hooke's law.
Answer: states that the strain in a solid (e.g. a spring) is proportional to the
applied stress (within the elastic limit of that solid)
◍ M = Fd (Moment (Nm) = Force (N) x Distance (m)).
Answer: how would you calculate the MOMENT of the force of each child?
◍ contact forces.
Answer: occur when an object is supported by or strikes another object e.g.
friction
◍ dynamos (DC).
Answer: generate direct current - they have split ring commutators, which
swaps the current every half turn to keep the current flowing in the same
direction
◍ energy released by nuclear fusion equals the force of gravity pulling
everything in.
Answer: why are main sequence stars stable?
◍ transformers.
Answer: change the voltage of an alternating current
◍ step-up transformers.
Answer: increase the voltage - they have more turns on the secondary coil
◍ to explain this ↑:.
Answer: the three things are all at right angles to each other - if the wire is
moved in the opposite direction, the induced current also moves in the
opposite direction - remember that one side of a coil in a generator moves
up during one half turn, and then down during the next half turn, so the
direction of current has to change with it
◍ Supernova.
Answer: Big stars (that have become red super giants) glow brightly again
as more fusion happens, and they expand and contract, eventually exploding
in a supernova, forming elements as heavier than iron and and ejecting them
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◍ Neutron star.
Answer: The very dense core left after a supernova
◍ Hydrostatic equilibrium.
Answer: Where the outward pressure from the nuclear fusion balances the
force of gravity pulling everything inwards
◍ induced magnets.
Answer: magnetic materials that become magnetised when placed into a
magnetic field - when you remove the magnetic field, it quickly loses most
of its magnetism
◍ number of turns on the primary coil : number of turns on the secondary coil.
Answer: = input voltage : output voltage ; the ratio of the number of TURNS
(not coils) is the same as the ratio of the voltage
◍ This is where the object does NOT return to its original shaped after it is
deformed..
Answer: What is meant by inelastic deformation?
◍ Black dwarf.
Answer: A white dwarf cools down and starts to emit less and less energy -
it becomes this when it no longer emits a significant amount
◍ Ee (elastic energy).
Answer: = 0.5ke²(the energy topic is covered in more detail in paper 1)
◍ Red giant.
Answer: When the hydrogen runs out, a small star will swell into this; it
, becomes red because the surface cools - and fusion of helium occurs, and
elements less heavy than iron (and iron) are created in the core
◍ infra red.
Answer: what kind of radiation is emitted from hot objects?
◍ speed (m/s).
Answer: = distance (m) ÷ time (s)
◍ Main sequence star.
Answer: A long stable period for the star where it is in hydrostatic
equilibrium - this typically lasts several billion years, and the sun is
currently in the middle of this period
◍ Dark matter.
Answer: We know little to nothing about it - all we know is that it has a lot -
a lot - of gravity, enough to pull stars together to make galaxies, and to bend
light around it - and it doesn't reflect or emit light
◍ mass.
Answer: the measure of the amount of matter that anything (including
people) are made up of (this is a scalar)
◍ terminal velocity.
Answer: when the weight going downwards is equal to the air resistance
going upwards
◍ EM spectrum mnemonic.
Answer: Red Monkeys In Vans Use X-ray Guns
◍ resultant forces.
Answer: the eventual force of two forces acting on one object- if the forces
are acting in the same/opposite directions, just add/subtract- if they are
acting at an angle to each other: - draw a scale drawing of all the forces
acting - measure the distance from tip to tip of the forces; thats the resultant
force - use a protractor to find a bearing for the force, as force is a vector (so
has to have direction too)
, ◍ Hooke's law.
Answer: states that the strain in a solid (e.g. a spring) is proportional to the
applied stress (within the elastic limit of that solid)
◍ M = Fd (Moment (Nm) = Force (N) x Distance (m)).
Answer: how would you calculate the MOMENT of the force of each child?
◍ contact forces.
Answer: occur when an object is supported by or strikes another object e.g.
friction
◍ dynamos (DC).
Answer: generate direct current - they have split ring commutators, which
swaps the current every half turn to keep the current flowing in the same
direction
◍ energy released by nuclear fusion equals the force of gravity pulling
everything in.
Answer: why are main sequence stars stable?
◍ transformers.
Answer: change the voltage of an alternating current
◍ step-up transformers.
Answer: increase the voltage - they have more turns on the secondary coil
◍ to explain this ↑:.
Answer: the three things are all at right angles to each other - if the wire is
moved in the opposite direction, the induced current also moves in the
opposite direction - remember that one side of a coil in a generator moves
up during one half turn, and then down during the next half turn, so the
direction of current has to change with it
◍ Supernova.
Answer: Big stars (that have become red super giants) glow brightly again
as more fusion happens, and they expand and contract, eventually exploding
in a supernova, forming elements as heavier than iron and and ejecting them
