NURS 251 Pharmacology Modules 1–10 & Final Exam – Portage Learning (2026) Actual Questions & Verified Answers (A+ Guarantee)

NURS 251
PHARMACOLOGY
MODULE 1-10 & FINAL EXAM

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NURS 251 - PHARMACOLOGY - MODULES 1-10 & FINAL EXAM




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,Table of Contents
NURS 251 MODULE 1 EXAM ......................................................................... 3

NURS 251 MODULE 2 EXAM ....................................................................... 20

NURS 251 MODULE 3 EXAM ....................................................................... 32

NURS 251 MODULE 4 EXAM ....................................................................... 45

NURS 251 MODULE 5 EXAM ....................................................................... 55

NURS 251 MODULE 6 EXAM ....................................................................... 65

NURS 251 MODULE 7 EXAM ....................................................................... 76

NURS 251 MODULE 8 EXAM ....................................................................... 87

NURS 251 MODULE 9 EXAM ....................................................................... 98

NURS 251 MODULE 10 EXAM ................................................................... 115

NURS 251 FINAL EXAM ............................................................................. 127

, NURS 251
NURS 251 MODULE
MODULE11EXAM
EXAM

A patient
1. A patient recently
recentlystarted
startedtaking
takingaanew
newmedication;
medication; hehe mentions
mentions to his
to his doctor
doctor at at
his next
his nextappointment
appointmentthat thathe
hehas
hasnoticed
noticed his
his mouth
mouth is extremely
is extremely drydry since
since
the medication
starting the medicationto tothe
thepoint
pointwhere
whereheheisis not
not able
able to to eat.
eat. HeHehashas tried
tried
managing itit with
managing with lozenges
lozengesandandincreased
increased liquids
liquids andand nothing
nothing seems
seems to work.
to work.
drug effect
What drug effectbest
bestdescribes
describes thethe dry
dry mouth
mouth this
this patient
patient is experiencing?
is experiencing?

A. Side
A. SideEffect
Effect
B. Adverse
B. Adverse Effect
Effect
C. Toxic
C. Toxic Effect
Effect
Therapeutic Effect
D. Therapeutic

CorrectAnswer:
Correct Answer:
B. Adverse
B. AdverseEffect
Effect
Rationale:
Rationale:
The dry
The drymouth
mouthisissevere
severeenough
enoughtotointerfere
interferewith
witheating
eating and
and daily
daily functioning.
functioning. Because
Because
it is harmful and
and not
not easily
easilymanaged,
managed,it itisisbest
best classified
classified as as an adverse
an adverse effect
effect rather
rather
than aa mild
mild side
sideeffect.
effect.



A patient
2. A patient recently
recentlystarted
startedtaking
takingaanew newmedication;
medication; hehe mentions
mentions to his
to his doctor
doctor at at
his next
his nextappointment
appointmentthat thathe
hehashasnoticed
noticed his
his mouth
mouth is dry
is dry since
since starting
starting the the
medication.He
medication. Healso
alsomentions
mentions thatthis
that thisis is
notnot a problem,
a problem, andand he has
he has managed
managed it it
increasingthe
by increasing theamount
amountofofwater
waterhehe is is drinking.
drinking. What
What drug
drug effect
effect bestbest describes
describes
dry mouth
the dry mouth this
thispatient
patientisisexperiencing?
experiencing?

A. Side
A. SideEffect
Effect
B. Adverse
B. Adverse Effect
Effect
C. Toxic
C. Toxic Effect
Effect
Therapeutic Effect
D. Therapeutic

CorrectAnswer:
Correct Answer:
A. SideEffect
A. Side Effect
Rationale:
Rationale:
A side
side effect
effectisisan
anexpected
expectedororpredictable
predictable drug
drug effect
effect that
that may
may be be bothersome
bothersome butbut
is is

, NURS 251
NURS 251 MODULE
MODULE22EXAM
EXAM
T/F:Most
1. T/F: Mostnonprescription
nonprescription medication
medication still
still have
have some
some restrictions
restrictions and and require
require
identification to
identification to purchase.
purchase.
CorrectAnswer:
Correct Answer:
False
False

Rationale:
Rationale:
Most nonprescription
Most nonprescriptionmedications
medicationscan
canbebepurchased
purchased without
without identification.
identification. Only
Only certain
certain
OTCproducts,
OTC products,such
suchasas pseudoephedrine,
pseudoephedrine, have
have purchase
purchase restrictions
restrictions because
because they they
may may
misused.
be misused.



What is
2. What isthe
thename
nameofofthe
theOTC
OTC drug
drug that
that can
can be be
usedused in the
in the making
making of Crystal
of Crystal
what restrictions
Meth and what restrictionshave
havebeen
beenplaced
placed
onon this
this drug
drug in recent
in recent years?
years?

CorrectAnswer:
Correct Answer:
Pseudoephedrine
Pseudoephedrine

Explanation:
Explanation:
Pseudoephedrinesales
Pseudoephedrine salesare
are restricted
restricted because
because it can
it can be used
be used to make
to make
methamphetamine. Restrictions
methamphetamine. Restrictionsinclude
includeidentification
identificationrequirements,
requirements, purchase
purchase limits,
limits, andand
of sales.
tracking of sales.


Providethe
3. Provide thename
nameofofthe
theparty
partywithin
withinthe
theFDA
FDA responsible
responsible for for
the the federal
federal
oversightof
oversight ofOTC
OTCmedication
medication being
being both
both safe
safe andand effective
effective as well
as well as theasyear
the year
it it
was formed.
was formed.

CorrectAnswer:
Correct Answer:
OTCReview
OTC Review Board,
Board, 1972
1972



T/F:Unlike,
4. T/F: Unlike,OTC
OTC medications
medications dietary
dietary andand herbal
herbal supplements
supplements are only
are only required
required
demonstrate safety
to demonstrate safetynot
notefficacy.
efficacy.
CorrectAnswer:
Correct Answer:
True
True

Rationale:
Rationale:
OTCmedications
OTC medicationsare
arereviewed
reviewed
forfor safety
safety andand effectiveness,
effectiveness, while
while dietary
dietary and and herbal
herbal

, NURS 251
NURS 251 MODULE
MODULE33EXAM
EXAM
PORTAGELEARNING
PORTAGE LEARNING NURS
NURS 251 251 PHARMACOLOGY
PHARMACOLOGY MODULE
MODULE 3 EXAM 3 EXAM



Classifythe
1. Classify thefollowing
following blood
blood pressure
pressure value
value – 155/95
– 155/95 mmHg.
mmHg.

CorrectAnswer:
Correct Answer:
Stage22hypertension
Stage hypertension


True or
2. True orFalse.
False.Hypertension
Hypertension is often
is often asymptomatic.
asymptomatic.

A. True
A. True
B. False
B. False
CorrectAnswer:
Correct Answer:
A. True
A. True

Rationale:
Rationale:
Hypertensionisisoften
Hypertension oftencalled
calledthe
the"silent
"silentkiller"
killer"because
because many
many patients
patients do do
notnot experience
experience
obvious symptoms
obvious symptomsuntiluntilcomplications
complicationsororend-organ
end-organdamage
damage occur.
occur.



Fillin
3. Fill inthe
themissing
missinginformation
information
inin the
the Classification
Classification of Hypertension
of Hypertension chart
chart
below.
below.

Table
Table

Classification
Classification BloodPressure
Blood Pressure


Normotensive
Normotensive A. ____________
A. ____________


B. ____________
B. ____________ 120–129/ /<80
120–129 <80


C. ____________
C. ____________ >130 // 90
>130 90

, NURS 251
NURS 251 MODULE
MODULE44EXAM
EXAM
PORTAGELEARNING
PORTAGE LEARNING NURS
NURS 251 251 PHARMACOLOGY
PHARMACOLOGY MODULE
MODULE 4 EXAM 4 EXAM



Question11––List
Question List4 4 examples
examples of of endocrine
endocrine glands.
glands.

CorrectAnswer:
Correct Answer:
Any four of
Any four of the
the following:
following:pineal,
pineal,pituitary,
pituitary,thyroid,
thyroid,thymus,
thymus,adrenal,
adrenal,pancreas,
pancreas, ovary,
ovary, or or
testis.
testis.



Question22––True
Question TrueororFalse:
False: The
The pituitary
pituitary hashas three
three lobes
lobes called
called the Anterior,
the Anterior,
Central, and
Central, andPosterior
Posteriorlobes.
lobes.
CorrectAnswer:
Correct Answer:
False
False

Rationale:
Rationale:
The pituitary
The pituitary gland
glandhashastwo
twomajor
majorlobes:
lobes:the
the anterior
anterior pituitary
pituitary and
and posterior
posterior pituitary.
pituitary.
There isisno
There nocentral
centrallobe,
lobe,sosothe
the statement
statement is is incorrect.
incorrect.



Question33––Match
Question Matchthe
thehormone
hormoneofof
thethe pituitary
pituitary gland
gland with
with thethe endocrine
endocrine gland
gland
that it communicates with.
communicates with.

Table
Table

Hormone
Pituitary Hormone EndocrineGland
Target Endocrine Gland/ Organ
/ Organ


ACTH
ACTH Adrenal cortex
Adrenal cortex


TSH
TSH Thyroid
Thyroid

, NURS 251
NURS 251 MODULE
MODULE55EXAM
EXAM
PORTAGELEARNING
PORTAGE LEARNING NURS
NURS 251 251 PHARMACOLOGY
PHARMACOLOGY MODULE
MODULE 5 EXAM 5 EXAM



Name the
1. Name the microscopic
microscopic sacs
sacs within
within thethe lungs
lungs that
that areare
thethe
sitesite where
where oxygen
oxygen is is
exchangedfor
exchanged forcarbon
carbondioxide.
dioxide.

CorrectAnswer:
Correct Answer:
Alveoli
Alveoli



Selectthe
2. Select thecorrect
correctstatement
statementbelow:
below:
A. COPD
A. COPDconsists
consistsofofboth
bothemphysema
emphysemaand andasthma
asthma
B. Asthma
B. Asthma is characterized
characterized by recurrent,
recurrent, irreversible
irreversibleshortness
shortnessofofbreath
breath
C. Emphysema
C. Emphysemaisisaadisease
diseaseprocess
processinvolving
involvinginflammation
inflammation of the
the alveoli
alveoli
Chronic bronchitis
D. Chronic bronchitis is reversible
reversible

CorrectAnswer:
Correct Answer:
C.Emphysema
C. Emphysemaisis a disease
a disease process
process involving
involving inflammation
inflammation of alveoli.
of the the alveoli.

Rationale:
Rationale:
Emphysemainvolves
Emphysema involvesdamage
damage and
and inflammation
inflammation of of
thethe alveoli,
alveoli, which
which impairs
impairs gasgas
exchange.Asthma
exchange. Asthmaisisusually
usuallyreversible,
reversible, while
while COPD
COPD andand chronic
chronic bronchitis
bronchitis are are
generally not
generally not fully
fully reversible.
reversible.



What is
3. What isthe
theterm
termthat
thatdescribes
describes Leukotrienes?
Leukotrienes?

CorrectAnswer:
Correct Answer:
Chemicalmediators
Chemical mediators



T/F:Intrinsic
4. T/F: Intrinsicasthma
asthmaisis caused
caused by by unknown
unknown factors.
factors.

CorrectAnswer:
Correct Answer:
True
True

Rationale:
Rationale:
asthmaisisalso
Intrinsic asthma alsocalled
callednon-allergic
non-allergic asthma.
asthma. It may
It may be be triggered
triggered by internal
by internal or or
factors rather
unknown factors rather than
thanaaclear
clearexternal
externalallergen.
allergen.

, NURS 251
NURS 251 MODULE
MODULE66EXAM
EXAM

PORTAGELEARNING
PORTAGE LEARNING NURS
NURS 251 251 PHARMACOLOGY
PHARMACOLOGY MODULE
MODULE 6 EXAM 6 EXAM



6.1 Define
6.1 Definewhat
whatan
anantibiotic
antibioticis.is.
CorrectAnswer:
Correct Answer:
An antibiotic
antibiotic isisaadrug
drugthat
thatcan
candestroy
destroybacteria
bacteriaoror interfere
interfere with
with their
their growth
growth and
and
replication.
replication.



6.2 True/False:
6.2 True/False:One
Onecommon
common ailment
ailment that
that Streptococcus
Streptococcus pneumoniae
pneumoniae can cause
can cause
is strep
is strepthroat.
throat.
CorrectAnswer:
Correct Answer:
False
False

Rationale:
Rationale:
Strep throat
Strep throat isismost
mostcommonly
commonlycaused
caused byby Streptococcus
Streptococcus pyogenes,
pyogenes, alsoalso known
known as as
group A strep.
strep. Streptococcus
Streptococcuspneumoniae
pneumoniaeis is more
more commonly
commonly associated
associated withwith
pneumonia, otitis
pneumonia, otitis media,
media,meningitis,
meningitis,and
andsinusitis.
sinusitis.



6.3 Select
6.3 Selectthe
theincorrect
incorrectstatement
statement below.
below.

A. Health
A. Health care–associated
care–associated infections
infections are easier to treat
treatbecause
because the
the patient
patientisisalready
alreadyinin
hospital and
the hospital andcan
canobtain
obtaintreatment
treatmentquickly.
quickly.
B. Gram-negative
B. Gram-negative bacteria
bacteria tend
tend to
to be
be harder
harderto totreat.
treat.
C. Anaerobic
C. Anaerobic bacteria
bacteria are commonly
commonly foundfoundininthe
theGI
GItract.
tract.
Staphylococcusaureus
D. Staphylococcus aureus isisaagram-positive
gram-positive bacterium.
bacterium.
CorrectAnswer:
Correct Answer:
A. Healthcare–associated
A. Health care–associated infections
infections areare easier
easier to treat
to treat because
because the patient
the patient is already
is already
hospital and
in the hospital andcan
canobtain
obtaintreatment
treatmentquickly.
quickly.
Rationale:
Rationale:
Health care–associated
Health care–associatedinfections
infections are
are often
often harder
harder to treat
to treat because
because the the organisms
organisms maymay

, NURS 251
NURS 251 MODULE
MODULE77EXAM
EXAM
PORTAGELEARNING
PORTAGE LEARNING NURS
NURS 251 251 PHARMACOLOGY
PHARMACOLOGY MODULE
MODULE 7 EXAM 7 EXAM



7.1 What
7.1 Whattype
typeof
ofgastric
gastricacid
acidis is released
released by by
thethe parietal
parietal cells?
cells?

CorrectAnswer:
Correct Answer:
Hydrochloricacid
Hydrochloric acid/ /HCl
HCl


7.2 Select
7.2 Selectthe
thesubstance
substance below
below that
that ismajor
is a a major stimulator
stimulator for for
thethe release
release of gastric
of gastric
juices.
juices.

A. Acetylcholine
A. Acetylcholine
B. HCl
B. HCl
C. Substance
C. SubstancePP
Serotonin
D. Serotonin

CorrectAnswer:
Correct Answer:
A. Acetylcholine
A. Acetylcholine

Rationale:
Rationale:
Acetylcholine stimulatesgastric
Acetylcholine stimulates gastricsecretion
secretionbyby acting
acting onon receptors
receptors involved
involved in the
in the release
release
gastric juices.
of gastric juices.HCl
HClisisthe
the acid
acid product
product released,
released, notnot
thethe main
main stimulator.
stimulator.



7.3 Describe
7.3 Describethe
therole
roleofofgastrin
gastrininin the
the release
release of gastric
of gastric acid.
acid.

CorrectAnswer:
Correct Answer:
Gastrin binds
Gastrin bindstotoreceptors
receptorson
onenterochromaffin-like
enterochromaffin-likecells
cells and
and parietal
parietal cells,
cells, which
which
stimulates histamine
stimulates histaminerelease
releaseand
andpromotes
promoteshydrochloric
hydrochloric acid
acid secretion.
secretion.



7.4 Name
7.4 Name the
thetype
typeof
ofbacteria
bacteriathat
thatisisthe
theprimary
primary cause
cause of of peptic
peptic ulcers.
ulcers.

CorrectAnswer:
Correct Answer:
Helicobacterpylori
Helicobacter pylori/ /H.
H.pylori
pylori