BIOL251 HUMAN ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY I WITH LAB 2026
MODULE 5 EXAM REVIEW 70+
UPDATED QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS AND DETAILED
RATIONALES GRADED A+
1. WHICH TERM DESCRIBES A STRUCTURE CLOSER TO THE MIDLINE OF THE BODY?
A. LATERAL
B. MEDIAL
C. DISTAL
D. PROXIMAL
CORRECT ANSWER: B. MEDIAL
RATIONALE: MEDIAL MEANS CLOSER TO THE MIDLINE, WHILE OTHERS DESCRIBE
DIFFERENT ANATOMICAL RELATIONSHIPS.
2. WHICH PLANE DIVIDES THE BODY INTO EQUAL LEFT AND RIGHT HALVES?
A. CORONAL
B. TRANSVERSE
C. MIDSAGITTAL
D. OBLIQUE
CORRECT ANSWER: C. MIDSAGITTAL
,RATIONALE: THE MIDSAGITTAL PLANE DIVIDES THE BODY INTO EQUAL LEFT AND
RIGHT HALVES.
3. WHAT IS THE PRIMARY FUNCTION OF THE MITOCHONDRIA?
A. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
B. ATP PRODUCTION
C. LIPID STORAGE
D. DNA REPLICATION
CORRECT ANSWER: B. ATP PRODUCTION
RATIONALE: MITOCHONDRIA GENERATE ATP THROUGH CELLULAR RESPIRATION,
SERVING AS THE CELL'S POWERHOUSE.
4. WHICH ORGANELLE MODIFIES, SORTS, AND PACKAGES PROTEINS?
A. ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
B. GOLGI APPARATUS
C. LYSOSOME
D. PEROXISOME
CORRECT ANSWER: B. GOLGI APPARATUS
RATIONALE: THE GOLGI APPARATUS MODIFIES AND PACKAGES PROTEINS FROM
THE ROUGH ER INTO VESICLES.
5. WHAT TYPE OF TRANSPORT REQUIRES ATP TO MOVE SUBSTANCES AGAINST
THEIR CONCENTRATION GRADIENT?
,A. SIMPLE DIFFUSION
B. FACILITATED DIFFUSION
C. ACTIVE TRANSPORT
D. OSMOSIS
CORRECT ANSWER: C. ACTIVE TRANSPORT
RATIONALE: ACTIVE TRANSPORT USES ATP TO MOVE MOLECULES AGAINST THEIR
GRADIENT, UNLIKE PASSIVE DIFFUSION.
6. WHICH PHASE OF MITOSIS INVOLVES THE ALIGNMENT OF CHROMOSOMES AT
THE CELL EQUATOR?
A. PROPHASE
B. METAPHASE
C. ANAPHASE
D. TELOPHASE
CORRECT ANSWER: B. METAPHASE
RATIONALE: IN METAPHASE, CHROMOSOMES ALIGN AT THE METAPHASE PLATE
BEFORE SEPARATION.
7. WHICH TISSUE TYPE LINES BODY CAVITIES AND COVERS EXTERNAL SURFACES?
A. CONNECTIVE
B. MUSCLE
C. EPITHELIAL
, D. NERVOUS
CORRECT ANSWER: C. EPITHELIAL
RATIONALE: EPITHELIAL TISSUE FORMS PROTECTIVE COVERINGS AND LININGS
THROUGHOUT THE BODY.
8. WHICH CONNECTIVE TISSUE IS FOUND IN INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS AND THE
MENISCUS?
A. HYALINE CARTILAGE
B. ELASTIC CARTILAGE
C. FIBROCARTILAGE
D. ADIPOSE TISSUE
CORRECT ANSWER: C. FIBROCARTILAGE
RATIONALE: FIBROCARTILAGE IS TOUGH AND CONTAINS THICK COLLAGEN FIBERS,
IDEAL FOR ABSORBING SHOCK.
9. WHAT IS THE PRIMARY FUNCTION OF THE STRATUM CORNEUM?
A. CELL DIVISION
B. MELANIN PRODUCTION
C. WATERPROOFING AND PROTECTION
D. SENSORY RECEPTION
CORRECT ANSWER: C. WATERPROOFING AND PROTECTION
RATIONALE: THE STRATUM CORNEUM IS THE OUTERMOST LAYER OF DEAD,
KERATINIZED CELLS THAT PREVENTS WATER LOSS.
PHYSIOLOGY I WITH LAB 2026
MODULE 5 EXAM REVIEW 70+
UPDATED QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS AND DETAILED
RATIONALES GRADED A+
1. WHICH TERM DESCRIBES A STRUCTURE CLOSER TO THE MIDLINE OF THE BODY?
A. LATERAL
B. MEDIAL
C. DISTAL
D. PROXIMAL
CORRECT ANSWER: B. MEDIAL
RATIONALE: MEDIAL MEANS CLOSER TO THE MIDLINE, WHILE OTHERS DESCRIBE
DIFFERENT ANATOMICAL RELATIONSHIPS.
2. WHICH PLANE DIVIDES THE BODY INTO EQUAL LEFT AND RIGHT HALVES?
A. CORONAL
B. TRANSVERSE
C. MIDSAGITTAL
D. OBLIQUE
CORRECT ANSWER: C. MIDSAGITTAL
,RATIONALE: THE MIDSAGITTAL PLANE DIVIDES THE BODY INTO EQUAL LEFT AND
RIGHT HALVES.
3. WHAT IS THE PRIMARY FUNCTION OF THE MITOCHONDRIA?
A. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
B. ATP PRODUCTION
C. LIPID STORAGE
D. DNA REPLICATION
CORRECT ANSWER: B. ATP PRODUCTION
RATIONALE: MITOCHONDRIA GENERATE ATP THROUGH CELLULAR RESPIRATION,
SERVING AS THE CELL'S POWERHOUSE.
4. WHICH ORGANELLE MODIFIES, SORTS, AND PACKAGES PROTEINS?
A. ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
B. GOLGI APPARATUS
C. LYSOSOME
D. PEROXISOME
CORRECT ANSWER: B. GOLGI APPARATUS
RATIONALE: THE GOLGI APPARATUS MODIFIES AND PACKAGES PROTEINS FROM
THE ROUGH ER INTO VESICLES.
5. WHAT TYPE OF TRANSPORT REQUIRES ATP TO MOVE SUBSTANCES AGAINST
THEIR CONCENTRATION GRADIENT?
,A. SIMPLE DIFFUSION
B. FACILITATED DIFFUSION
C. ACTIVE TRANSPORT
D. OSMOSIS
CORRECT ANSWER: C. ACTIVE TRANSPORT
RATIONALE: ACTIVE TRANSPORT USES ATP TO MOVE MOLECULES AGAINST THEIR
GRADIENT, UNLIKE PASSIVE DIFFUSION.
6. WHICH PHASE OF MITOSIS INVOLVES THE ALIGNMENT OF CHROMOSOMES AT
THE CELL EQUATOR?
A. PROPHASE
B. METAPHASE
C. ANAPHASE
D. TELOPHASE
CORRECT ANSWER: B. METAPHASE
RATIONALE: IN METAPHASE, CHROMOSOMES ALIGN AT THE METAPHASE PLATE
BEFORE SEPARATION.
7. WHICH TISSUE TYPE LINES BODY CAVITIES AND COVERS EXTERNAL SURFACES?
A. CONNECTIVE
B. MUSCLE
C. EPITHELIAL
, D. NERVOUS
CORRECT ANSWER: C. EPITHELIAL
RATIONALE: EPITHELIAL TISSUE FORMS PROTECTIVE COVERINGS AND LININGS
THROUGHOUT THE BODY.
8. WHICH CONNECTIVE TISSUE IS FOUND IN INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS AND THE
MENISCUS?
A. HYALINE CARTILAGE
B. ELASTIC CARTILAGE
C. FIBROCARTILAGE
D. ADIPOSE TISSUE
CORRECT ANSWER: C. FIBROCARTILAGE
RATIONALE: FIBROCARTILAGE IS TOUGH AND CONTAINS THICK COLLAGEN FIBERS,
IDEAL FOR ABSORBING SHOCK.
9. WHAT IS THE PRIMARY FUNCTION OF THE STRATUM CORNEUM?
A. CELL DIVISION
B. MELANIN PRODUCTION
C. WATERPROOFING AND PROTECTION
D. SENSORY RECEPTION
CORRECT ANSWER: C. WATERPROOFING AND PROTECTION
RATIONALE: THE STRATUM CORNEUM IS THE OUTERMOST LAYER OF DEAD,
KERATINIZED CELLS THAT PREVENTS WATER LOSS.
