ATI Pharmacology Proctored ACTUAL EXAM 242 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A.
A2
A nurse is providing information about probiotic supplements to a male client.
Which of the following information should the nurse include? (Select all that
apply.)
A) "Probiotics are micro-organisms that are normally found in the GI tract."
B) "Probiotics are used to treat Clostridium difficile."
C) "Probiotics are used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia."
D) "You can experience bloating while taking probiotic supplements."
E) "If you are prescribed an antibiotic, you should take it at the same time you
take your probiotic supplement."
Correct Answer: A, B, D
Rationale
Option A is correct because probiotics consist of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, and
Saccharomyces boulardii, which are normally found in the digestive tract.
Option B is correct because probiotics are used to treat a number of
gastrointestinal conditions, including irritable bowel syndrome, diarrhea
associated with Clostridium difficile, and ulcerative colitis. Option D is correct
because flatulence and bloating are adverse effects of probiotic supplements.
Option C is incorrect because probiotics are not used to treat benign prostatic
hyperplasia; this condition is managed with medications such as alpha-blockers
or 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors. Option E is incorrect because antibiotics should
,not be taken at the same time as probiotics, as the antibiotic may kill the live
organisms; they should be taken at least 2 hours apart. Therefore, probiotics
being normal GI flora, treating C. difficile, and causing bloating are appropriate
information.
Liquid Iron Supplement Teaching
A nurse is teaching a client who has anemia and a new prescription for a liquid
iron supplement. Which of the following information should the nurse include
in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)
A) "Add foods that are high in fiber to your diet."
B) "Rinse your mouth after taking the medication."
C) "Expect stools to be green or black in color."
D) "Take the medication with a glass of milk."
E) "Add red meat to your diet."
Correct Answer: A, B, C, E
Rationale
Option A is correct because foods high in fiber can prevent constipation, which
can occur when taking iron supplements. Option B is correct because iron
supplements can stain teeth when taken in liquid form; the client should rinse
the mouth after taking the medication. Option C is correct because dark green
or black stools can occur when taking iron supplements; the client should
anticipate this effect. Option E is correct because red meats are high in iron and
recommended for a client to improve anemia when taken concurrently with
iron supplements. Option D is incorrect because iron supplements should not
be taken with milk, as calcium interferes with iron absorption; they should be
taken with water or juice (especially citrus juice, which enhances absorption).
Therefore, adding fiber, rinsing the mouth, expecting dark stools, and adding
red meat are appropriate instructions.
,Herbal Supplements and Liver Toxicity
A nurse is caring for a client who has increased liver enzymes and is taking
herbal supplements. Which of the following herbal supplements should the
nurse report to the provider?
A) Glucosamine
B) Saw palmetto
C) Kava
D) St. John's wort
Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Kava is the herbal supplement that should be reported to the provider. Chronic
use or high doses of kava can cause liver damage, including severe liver failure.
Option A is incorrect because glucosamine is generally safe and is not
associated with hepatotoxicity. Option B is incorrect because saw palmetto is
used for benign prostatic hyperplasia and is not significantly associated with
liver toxicity. Option D is incorrect because St. John's wort, while known to
interact with many medications (particularly antidepressants and oral
contraceptives), is not primarily associated with hepatotoxicity. Therefore, kava
should be reported due to the risk of liver damage.
Folic Acid Therapy
A nurse is evaluating a group of clients at a health fair to identify the need for
folic acid therapy. Which of the following clients require folic acid therapy?
(Select all that apply.)
A) 12-year-old child who has iron deficiency anemia
B) 24-year-old female who has no health problems
C) 44-year-old male who has hypertension
, D) 55-year-old female who has alcohol use disorder
E) 35-year-old male who has type 2 diabetes mellitus
Correct Answer: B, D
Rationale
Option B is correct because the female client of childbearing age should take
folic acid to prevent neural tube defects in the fetus. The Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that all women of childbearing age
consume 400 mcg of folic acid daily. Option D is correct because the client who
has alcohol use disorder can require folic acid therapy; excess alcohol
consumption leads to poor dietary intake of folic acid and injury to the liver,
which can impair folic acid metabolism. Option A is incorrect because iron
deficiency anemia is treated with iron supplementation, not folic acid. Option C
is incorrect because hypertension is not an indication for folic acid therapy.
Option E is incorrect because type 2 diabetes mellitus is not an indication for
folic acid therapy. Therefore, the female of childbearing age and the client with
alcohol use disorder require folic acid therapy.
Potassium Chloride IV Administration
A nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride IV to a client who has
hypokalemia. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? (Select all
that apply.)
A) Infuse medication through a large-bore needle.
B) Monitor urine output to ensure at least 20 mL/hr.
C) Administer medication via direct IV bolus.
D) Implement cardiac monitoring.
E) Administer the infusion using an IV pump.
Correct Answer: A, D, E
Rationale
Option A is correct because the nurse should infuse potassium through a large-
AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A.
A2
A nurse is providing information about probiotic supplements to a male client.
Which of the following information should the nurse include? (Select all that
apply.)
A) "Probiotics are micro-organisms that are normally found in the GI tract."
B) "Probiotics are used to treat Clostridium difficile."
C) "Probiotics are used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia."
D) "You can experience bloating while taking probiotic supplements."
E) "If you are prescribed an antibiotic, you should take it at the same time you
take your probiotic supplement."
Correct Answer: A, B, D
Rationale
Option A is correct because probiotics consist of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, and
Saccharomyces boulardii, which are normally found in the digestive tract.
Option B is correct because probiotics are used to treat a number of
gastrointestinal conditions, including irritable bowel syndrome, diarrhea
associated with Clostridium difficile, and ulcerative colitis. Option D is correct
because flatulence and bloating are adverse effects of probiotic supplements.
Option C is incorrect because probiotics are not used to treat benign prostatic
hyperplasia; this condition is managed with medications such as alpha-blockers
or 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors. Option E is incorrect because antibiotics should
,not be taken at the same time as probiotics, as the antibiotic may kill the live
organisms; they should be taken at least 2 hours apart. Therefore, probiotics
being normal GI flora, treating C. difficile, and causing bloating are appropriate
information.
Liquid Iron Supplement Teaching
A nurse is teaching a client who has anemia and a new prescription for a liquid
iron supplement. Which of the following information should the nurse include
in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)
A) "Add foods that are high in fiber to your diet."
B) "Rinse your mouth after taking the medication."
C) "Expect stools to be green or black in color."
D) "Take the medication with a glass of milk."
E) "Add red meat to your diet."
Correct Answer: A, B, C, E
Rationale
Option A is correct because foods high in fiber can prevent constipation, which
can occur when taking iron supplements. Option B is correct because iron
supplements can stain teeth when taken in liquid form; the client should rinse
the mouth after taking the medication. Option C is correct because dark green
or black stools can occur when taking iron supplements; the client should
anticipate this effect. Option E is correct because red meats are high in iron and
recommended for a client to improve anemia when taken concurrently with
iron supplements. Option D is incorrect because iron supplements should not
be taken with milk, as calcium interferes with iron absorption; they should be
taken with water or juice (especially citrus juice, which enhances absorption).
Therefore, adding fiber, rinsing the mouth, expecting dark stools, and adding
red meat are appropriate instructions.
,Herbal Supplements and Liver Toxicity
A nurse is caring for a client who has increased liver enzymes and is taking
herbal supplements. Which of the following herbal supplements should the
nurse report to the provider?
A) Glucosamine
B) Saw palmetto
C) Kava
D) St. John's wort
Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Kava is the herbal supplement that should be reported to the provider. Chronic
use or high doses of kava can cause liver damage, including severe liver failure.
Option A is incorrect because glucosamine is generally safe and is not
associated with hepatotoxicity. Option B is incorrect because saw palmetto is
used for benign prostatic hyperplasia and is not significantly associated with
liver toxicity. Option D is incorrect because St. John's wort, while known to
interact with many medications (particularly antidepressants and oral
contraceptives), is not primarily associated with hepatotoxicity. Therefore, kava
should be reported due to the risk of liver damage.
Folic Acid Therapy
A nurse is evaluating a group of clients at a health fair to identify the need for
folic acid therapy. Which of the following clients require folic acid therapy?
(Select all that apply.)
A) 12-year-old child who has iron deficiency anemia
B) 24-year-old female who has no health problems
C) 44-year-old male who has hypertension
, D) 55-year-old female who has alcohol use disorder
E) 35-year-old male who has type 2 diabetes mellitus
Correct Answer: B, D
Rationale
Option B is correct because the female client of childbearing age should take
folic acid to prevent neural tube defects in the fetus. The Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that all women of childbearing age
consume 400 mcg of folic acid daily. Option D is correct because the client who
has alcohol use disorder can require folic acid therapy; excess alcohol
consumption leads to poor dietary intake of folic acid and injury to the liver,
which can impair folic acid metabolism. Option A is incorrect because iron
deficiency anemia is treated with iron supplementation, not folic acid. Option C
is incorrect because hypertension is not an indication for folic acid therapy.
Option E is incorrect because type 2 diabetes mellitus is not an indication for
folic acid therapy. Therefore, the female of childbearing age and the client with
alcohol use disorder require folic acid therapy.
Potassium Chloride IV Administration
A nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride IV to a client who has
hypokalemia. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? (Select all
that apply.)
A) Infuse medication through a large-bore needle.
B) Monitor urine output to ensure at least 20 mL/hr.
C) Administer medication via direct IV bolus.
D) Implement cardiac monitoring.
E) Administer the infusion using an IV pump.
Correct Answer: A, D, E
Rationale
Option A is correct because the nurse should infuse potassium through a large-
