Fundamentals of Nursing, 12e (Berman/Snyder)
Chapter 1 Historical and Contemporary Nursing Practice
1) The nurse is reviewing historic events in nursing for a presentation to be provided to new nursing
students. In which chronological order should the nurse present these events? Begin with the earliest (1)
and end with the most recent (5).
1. The Order of Deaconesses opens a small hospital in Kaiserswerth, Germany
2. The Knights of St. Lazarus dedicate themselves to the care of people with leprosy, syphilis, and chronic skin
conditions.
3. During the American Civil War (1861-1865), Harriet Tubman administered to the care of slaves and injured
soldiers.
4. World War II casualties created an acute shortage of care, and the Cadet Nurse Corps was established in response
to the shortage of nurses.
5. During the Crimean War (1854-1856), Ms. Nightingale transformed the military hospitals by setting up sanitation
practices.
Answer: 2, 1, 5, 3, 4
Explanation: 1. In 1836, Theodore Fliedner reinstituted the Order of Deaconesses and opened a small hospital and
training school in Kaiserswerth, Germany, where Florence Nightingale received her training.
2. Religion played a significant role in the development of nursing. The crusades saw the formation of several
orders of knights who provided care to the sick and injured, including the Knights of St. Lazarus.
3. During the American Civil War (1861-1865), Harriet Tubman administered to the care of slaves and injured
soldiers.
4. World War II casualties created an acute shortage of care, and the Cadet Nurse Corps was established in response
to the shortage of nurses.
5. During the Crimean War (1854-1856), Ms. Nightingale transformed the military hospitals by setting up sanitation
practices.
Cognitive Level: Understanding
Client Need/Sub: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Standards: QSEN Competencies: II. C. 3. Value the perspectives and expertise of all health team members | AACN Essentials
Competencies: I. 9. Value the ideal of lifelong learning to support excellence in nursing practice | NLN Competencies: Knowledge and
Science; Knowledge; Relationships between knowledge/science and quality and safe patient care | Nursing/Integrated Concepts:
Nursing Process: Analysis | CJMM: Analyze Cues
Learning Outcome: 1. Discuss historical factors and nursing leaders, who influenced the development of nursing.
MNL Learning Outcome: 1. Examine historical and contemporary nursing practice.
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,2) The nurse is caring for a nurse who provided care to soldiers during the Vietnam War. What
information in this patient's history should the nurse use to understand the patient's nursing career?
1. The patient was still a student when serving in the war.
2. The patient decided to leave the profession after serving in the war.
3. The patient's first patient care experiences were during a time of war.
4. The patient contracted long-term illnesses from being overseas in a war.
Answer: 3
Explanation: 3. During the Vietnam War, approximately 11,000 American military women stationed in Vietnam
were nurses. Most of them volunteered to go to Vietnam right after they graduated from nursing school, making
them the youngest group of medical personnel ever to serve in wartime. The patient was not a student when serving
in the war. There is no evidence that the patient left the profession after the war or contracted long-term illnesses
from being overseas during a wary.
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need/Sub: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Standards: QSEN Competencies: II. C. 3. Value the perspectives and expertise of all health team members | AACN Essentials
Competencies: I. 9. Value the ideal of lifelong learning to support excellence in nursing practice | NLN Competencies: Knowledge and
Science; Knowledge; Relationships between knowledge/science and quality and safe patient care | Nursing/Integrated Concepts:
Nursing Process: Assessment | CJMM: Recognize Cues
Learning Outcome: 1. Discuss historical factors and nursing leaders, who influenced the development of nursing.
MNL Learning Outcome: 1. Examine historical and contemporary nursing practice.
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,3) A public health nurse is providing care to an immigrant family in a low-income neighborhood. The
nurse's work is based on a model established in the late 19th century that provided nursing services,
social services, and educational activities to the poor. The nurse's practice is a modern example of the
work initiated by which nursing leader?
1. Clara Barton
2. Margaret Higgins Sanger
3. Lillian Wald
4. Mary Breckinridge
Answer: 3
Explanation: 3. Lillian Wald is considered the founder of public health nursing. She, along with Mary Brewster,
established the Henry Street Settlement and Visiting Nurse Service in the New York slums to offer trained nursing
services, social support, and educational programs to the poor.
Cognitive Level: Understanding
Client Need/Sub: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Standards: QSEN Competencies: II. C. 3. Value the perspectives and expertise of all health team members | AACN Essentials
Competencies: I. 9. Value the ideal of lifelong learning to support excellence in nursing practice | NLN Competencies: Knowledge and
Science; Knowledge; Relationships between knowledge/science and quality and safe patient care | Nursing/Integrated Concepts:
Professionalism | CJMM: Analyze Cues
Learning Outcome: 1. Discuss historical factors and nursing leaders, who influenced the development of nursing.
MNL Learning Outcome: 1. Examine historical and contemporary nursing practice.
4) The nurse has been asked to participate on the hospital's Shared Governance Committee. To which
nurse leader should the nurse attribute the ability for nurses to control the profession?
1. Mary Breckinridge
2. Lavinia Dock
3. Virginia Henderson
4. Margaret Higgins Sanger
Answer: 2
Explanation: 2. Lavinia Dock was a feminist, writer, and activist. She participated in protest movements for
women's rights that resulted in passage of the 19th Amendment, which allowed women the right to vote. In
addition, Dock campaigned for legislation to allow nurses, rather than physicians, to control their profession. Mary
Breckinridge established the Frontier Nursing Service. Margaret Higgins Sanger is considered the founder of
Planned Parenthood.
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need/Sub: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Standards: QSEN Competencies: II. C. 3. Value the perspectives and expertise of all health team members | AACN Essentials
Competencies: I. 9. Value the ideal of lifelong learning to support excellence in nursing practice | NLN Competencies: Knowledge and
Science; Knowledge; Relationships between knowledge/science and quality and safe patient care | Nursing/Integrated Concepts:
Nursing Process: Assessment | CJMM: Recognize Cues
Learning Outcome: 1. Discuss historical factors and nursing leaders, who influenced the development of nursing.
MNL Learning Outcome: 1. Examine historical and contemporary nursing practice.
5) While conducting a health assessment, the individual asks why the term patient is being used. What
should the nurse explain about the implication of the term patient?
1. The person is seeking assistance because of illness.
2. The individual is proactive in their healthcare needs.
3. The person is a collaborator in their care.
4. The individual is using a service or commodity.
Answer: 1
Explanation: 1. The word patient comes from a Latin word meaning "to suffer" or "to bear." Usually, people
become patients when they seek assistance because of illness or for surgery. Some nurses believe that the word
patient implies passive acceptance of the decisions and care of health professionals, which would be opposite of
being proactive in one's healthcare needs. The term client presents the recipient of healthcare as a collaborator in
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, that care, along with the people who are providing service. A consumer is an individual, a group of people, or a
community that uses a service or commodity.
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need/Sub: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Standards: QSEN Competencies: II. C. 3. Value the perspectives and expertise of all health team members | AACN Essentials
Competencies: I. 9. Value the ideal of lifelong learning to support excellence in nursing practice | NLN Competencies: Relationship
Centered Care; Practice-Know-How; Learn continuously, learn cooperatively | Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process:
Implementation | CJMM: Recognize Cues
Learning Outcome: 8. Describe how the definition of nursing has evolved since Florence Nightingale.
MNL Learning Outcome: 1. Examine historical and contemporary nursing practice.
6) The nurse is measuring stool for occult blood during a clinic visit. Which level of practice is the nurse
providing?
1. Promoting health and wellness
2. Illness prevention
3. Restoring health
4. Rehabilitation
Answer: 3
Explanation: 3. Restoring health focuses on the ill client, and it extends from early detection (such as checking for
occult blood in feces) through helping the client during the recovery period. Health promotion and wellness
activities enhance the quality of life and maximize personal potential. Rehabilitation is an activity of health
restoration.
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need/Sub: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Standards: QSEN Competencies: I. A. 1. Integrate understanding of multiple dimensions of patient-centered care | AACN Essentials
Competencies: VII. 5. Use evidence-based practices to guide health teaching, health counseling, screening, outreach, disease and
outbreak investigation, referral, and follow-up throughout the lifespan | NLN Competencies: Context and Environment; Practice; Apply
health promotion/disease prevention strategies; Apply health policy | Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation |
CJMM: Take Action
Learning Outcome: 9. Identify the four major areas of nursing practice.
MNL Learning Outcome: 1. Examine historical and contemporary nursing practice.
7) The nurse has started working in a state other than the one in which the nursing education program
was located. Which should the nurse consult in order to understand the implications of this change of
venue?
1. American Nurses Association (ANA)
2. National League for Nursing (NLN)
3. National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN)
4. Nurse State Practice Act
Answer: 4
Explanation: 4. Nurse practice acts regulate the practice of nursing in the United States and Canada. Each state and
each province have its own act. Nurses are responsible for knowing their state's nurse practice act, as it governs
their practice. The ANA is the professional organization of nursing, the NLN is responsible for accrediting schools
of nursing, and the NCSBN handles licensure of professional nurses.
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need/Sub: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Standards: QSEN Competencies: II. A. 2. Describe scopes of practice and roles of healthcare team members | AACN Essentials
Competencies: V. 5. Describe state and national statues, rules, and regulations that authorize and define professional nursing practice |
NLN Competencies: Context and Environment; Knowledge; Scope of practice considerations | Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing
Process: Implementation | CJMM: Take Action
Learning Outcome: 10. Identify the purposes of nurse practice acts and standards of professional nursing practice.
MNL Learning Outcome: 1. Examine historical and contemporary nursing practice.
8) The nurse is orienting a graduate nurse to the care area. When should the nurse expect the graduate
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Chapter 1 Historical and Contemporary Nursing Practice
1) The nurse is reviewing historic events in nursing for a presentation to be provided to new nursing
students. In which chronological order should the nurse present these events? Begin with the earliest (1)
and end with the most recent (5).
1. The Order of Deaconesses opens a small hospital in Kaiserswerth, Germany
2. The Knights of St. Lazarus dedicate themselves to the care of people with leprosy, syphilis, and chronic skin
conditions.
3. During the American Civil War (1861-1865), Harriet Tubman administered to the care of slaves and injured
soldiers.
4. World War II casualties created an acute shortage of care, and the Cadet Nurse Corps was established in response
to the shortage of nurses.
5. During the Crimean War (1854-1856), Ms. Nightingale transformed the military hospitals by setting up sanitation
practices.
Answer: 2, 1, 5, 3, 4
Explanation: 1. In 1836, Theodore Fliedner reinstituted the Order of Deaconesses and opened a small hospital and
training school in Kaiserswerth, Germany, where Florence Nightingale received her training.
2. Religion played a significant role in the development of nursing. The crusades saw the formation of several
orders of knights who provided care to the sick and injured, including the Knights of St. Lazarus.
3. During the American Civil War (1861-1865), Harriet Tubman administered to the care of slaves and injured
soldiers.
4. World War II casualties created an acute shortage of care, and the Cadet Nurse Corps was established in response
to the shortage of nurses.
5. During the Crimean War (1854-1856), Ms. Nightingale transformed the military hospitals by setting up sanitation
practices.
Cognitive Level: Understanding
Client Need/Sub: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Standards: QSEN Competencies: II. C. 3. Value the perspectives and expertise of all health team members | AACN Essentials
Competencies: I. 9. Value the ideal of lifelong learning to support excellence in nursing practice | NLN Competencies: Knowledge and
Science; Knowledge; Relationships between knowledge/science and quality and safe patient care | Nursing/Integrated Concepts:
Nursing Process: Analysis | CJMM: Analyze Cues
Learning Outcome: 1. Discuss historical factors and nursing leaders, who influenced the development of nursing.
MNL Learning Outcome: 1. Examine historical and contemporary nursing practice.
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,2) The nurse is caring for a nurse who provided care to soldiers during the Vietnam War. What
information in this patient's history should the nurse use to understand the patient's nursing career?
1. The patient was still a student when serving in the war.
2. The patient decided to leave the profession after serving in the war.
3. The patient's first patient care experiences were during a time of war.
4. The patient contracted long-term illnesses from being overseas in a war.
Answer: 3
Explanation: 3. During the Vietnam War, approximately 11,000 American military women stationed in Vietnam
were nurses. Most of them volunteered to go to Vietnam right after they graduated from nursing school, making
them the youngest group of medical personnel ever to serve in wartime. The patient was not a student when serving
in the war. There is no evidence that the patient left the profession after the war or contracted long-term illnesses
from being overseas during a wary.
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need/Sub: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Standards: QSEN Competencies: II. C. 3. Value the perspectives and expertise of all health team members | AACN Essentials
Competencies: I. 9. Value the ideal of lifelong learning to support excellence in nursing practice | NLN Competencies: Knowledge and
Science; Knowledge; Relationships between knowledge/science and quality and safe patient care | Nursing/Integrated Concepts:
Nursing Process: Assessment | CJMM: Recognize Cues
Learning Outcome: 1. Discuss historical factors and nursing leaders, who influenced the development of nursing.
MNL Learning Outcome: 1. Examine historical and contemporary nursing practice.
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,3) A public health nurse is providing care to an immigrant family in a low-income neighborhood. The
nurse's work is based on a model established in the late 19th century that provided nursing services,
social services, and educational activities to the poor. The nurse's practice is a modern example of the
work initiated by which nursing leader?
1. Clara Barton
2. Margaret Higgins Sanger
3. Lillian Wald
4. Mary Breckinridge
Answer: 3
Explanation: 3. Lillian Wald is considered the founder of public health nursing. She, along with Mary Brewster,
established the Henry Street Settlement and Visiting Nurse Service in the New York slums to offer trained nursing
services, social support, and educational programs to the poor.
Cognitive Level: Understanding
Client Need/Sub: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Standards: QSEN Competencies: II. C. 3. Value the perspectives and expertise of all health team members | AACN Essentials
Competencies: I. 9. Value the ideal of lifelong learning to support excellence in nursing practice | NLN Competencies: Knowledge and
Science; Knowledge; Relationships between knowledge/science and quality and safe patient care | Nursing/Integrated Concepts:
Professionalism | CJMM: Analyze Cues
Learning Outcome: 1. Discuss historical factors and nursing leaders, who influenced the development of nursing.
MNL Learning Outcome: 1. Examine historical and contemporary nursing practice.
4) The nurse has been asked to participate on the hospital's Shared Governance Committee. To which
nurse leader should the nurse attribute the ability for nurses to control the profession?
1. Mary Breckinridge
2. Lavinia Dock
3. Virginia Henderson
4. Margaret Higgins Sanger
Answer: 2
Explanation: 2. Lavinia Dock was a feminist, writer, and activist. She participated in protest movements for
women's rights that resulted in passage of the 19th Amendment, which allowed women the right to vote. In
addition, Dock campaigned for legislation to allow nurses, rather than physicians, to control their profession. Mary
Breckinridge established the Frontier Nursing Service. Margaret Higgins Sanger is considered the founder of
Planned Parenthood.
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need/Sub: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Standards: QSEN Competencies: II. C. 3. Value the perspectives and expertise of all health team members | AACN Essentials
Competencies: I. 9. Value the ideal of lifelong learning to support excellence in nursing practice | NLN Competencies: Knowledge and
Science; Knowledge; Relationships between knowledge/science and quality and safe patient care | Nursing/Integrated Concepts:
Nursing Process: Assessment | CJMM: Recognize Cues
Learning Outcome: 1. Discuss historical factors and nursing leaders, who influenced the development of nursing.
MNL Learning Outcome: 1. Examine historical and contemporary nursing practice.
5) While conducting a health assessment, the individual asks why the term patient is being used. What
should the nurse explain about the implication of the term patient?
1. The person is seeking assistance because of illness.
2. The individual is proactive in their healthcare needs.
3. The person is a collaborator in their care.
4. The individual is using a service or commodity.
Answer: 1
Explanation: 1. The word patient comes from a Latin word meaning "to suffer" or "to bear." Usually, people
become patients when they seek assistance because of illness or for surgery. Some nurses believe that the word
patient implies passive acceptance of the decisions and care of health professionals, which would be opposite of
being proactive in one's healthcare needs. The term client presents the recipient of healthcare as a collaborator in
3
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, that care, along with the people who are providing service. A consumer is an individual, a group of people, or a
community that uses a service or commodity.
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need/Sub: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Standards: QSEN Competencies: II. C. 3. Value the perspectives and expertise of all health team members | AACN Essentials
Competencies: I. 9. Value the ideal of lifelong learning to support excellence in nursing practice | NLN Competencies: Relationship
Centered Care; Practice-Know-How; Learn continuously, learn cooperatively | Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process:
Implementation | CJMM: Recognize Cues
Learning Outcome: 8. Describe how the definition of nursing has evolved since Florence Nightingale.
MNL Learning Outcome: 1. Examine historical and contemporary nursing practice.
6) The nurse is measuring stool for occult blood during a clinic visit. Which level of practice is the nurse
providing?
1. Promoting health and wellness
2. Illness prevention
3. Restoring health
4. Rehabilitation
Answer: 3
Explanation: 3. Restoring health focuses on the ill client, and it extends from early detection (such as checking for
occult blood in feces) through helping the client during the recovery period. Health promotion and wellness
activities enhance the quality of life and maximize personal potential. Rehabilitation is an activity of health
restoration.
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need/Sub: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Standards: QSEN Competencies: I. A. 1. Integrate understanding of multiple dimensions of patient-centered care | AACN Essentials
Competencies: VII. 5. Use evidence-based practices to guide health teaching, health counseling, screening, outreach, disease and
outbreak investigation, referral, and follow-up throughout the lifespan | NLN Competencies: Context and Environment; Practice; Apply
health promotion/disease prevention strategies; Apply health policy | Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation |
CJMM: Take Action
Learning Outcome: 9. Identify the four major areas of nursing practice.
MNL Learning Outcome: 1. Examine historical and contemporary nursing practice.
7) The nurse has started working in a state other than the one in which the nursing education program
was located. Which should the nurse consult in order to understand the implications of this change of
venue?
1. American Nurses Association (ANA)
2. National League for Nursing (NLN)
3. National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN)
4. Nurse State Practice Act
Answer: 4
Explanation: 4. Nurse practice acts regulate the practice of nursing in the United States and Canada. Each state and
each province have its own act. Nurses are responsible for knowing their state's nurse practice act, as it governs
their practice. The ANA is the professional organization of nursing, the NLN is responsible for accrediting schools
of nursing, and the NCSBN handles licensure of professional nurses.
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need/Sub: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Standards: QSEN Competencies: II. A. 2. Describe scopes of practice and roles of healthcare team members | AACN Essentials
Competencies: V. 5. Describe state and national statues, rules, and regulations that authorize and define professional nursing practice |
NLN Competencies: Context and Environment; Knowledge; Scope of practice considerations | Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing
Process: Implementation | CJMM: Take Action
Learning Outcome: 10. Identify the purposes of nurse practice acts and standards of professional nursing practice.
MNL Learning Outcome: 1. Examine historical and contemporary nursing practice.
8) The nurse is orienting a graduate nurse to the care area. When should the nurse expect the graduate
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