BIOS-251 Exam 2 Review | Questions and |
Anatomy and Physiology I | Latest Update
2026/2027
Introduction
BIOS-251 Exam 2 study materials commonly emphasize **cell
structure and transport, mitosis/meiosis, metabolism, tissue
classification, epithelial/connective tissues, membranes,
integumentary and skeletal concepts**. ([Stuvia][1])
**1.** Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing
ATP through aerobic cellular respiration?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Lysosome
C. Mitochondrion
D. Nucleolus
**Answer: C**
**2.** The plasma membrane is primarily composed of:
A. A phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
B. A carbohydrate bilayer
C. DNA and RNA
D. A triglyceride monolayer
**Answer: A**
,**3.** Which part of a phospholipid is hydrophilic?
A. Fatty acid tails
B. Phosphate-containing head
C. Cholesterol ring
D. Hydrocarbon chains
**Answer: B**
**4.** Movement of molecules from an area of higher
concentration to lower concentration is:
A. Active transport
B. Endocytosis
C. Exocytosis
D. Diffusion
**Answer: D**
**5.** Which process requires cellular ATP?
A. Simple diffusion
B. Osmosis
C. Active transport
D. Facilitated diffusion
**Answer: C**
**6.** Osmosis specifically refers to the movement of:
A. Proteins
,B. Water
C. Sodium ions
D. Glucose
**Answer: B**
**7.** Facilitated diffusion differs from simple diffusion
because facilitated diffusion:
A. Requires ATP
B. Moves substances against their gradient
C. Uses membrane proteins
D. Occurs only in the nucleus
**Answer: C**
**8.** A cell placed in a hypertonic solution will generally:
A. Gain water and swell
B. Lose water and shrink
C. Remain unchanged
D. Immediately divide
**Answer: B**
**9.** A solution with approximately the same solute
concentration as the cell is:
A. Hypertonic
B. Hypotonic
, C. Isotonic
D. Saturated
**Answer: C**
**10.** Which process allows a cell to engulf a large particle?
A. Phagocytosis
B. Osmosis
C. Filtration
D. Simple diffusion
**Answer: A**
**11.** Exocytosis involves:
A. Movement of water through aquaporins
B. Vesicles releasing substances outside the cell
C. DNA replication
D. Breakdown of glucose
**Answer: B**
**12.** The sodium-potassium pump transports:
A. 2 Na⁺ out and 3 K⁺ in
B. 3 Na⁺ out and 2 K⁺ in
C. 3 K⁺ out and 3 Na⁺ in
D. 1 Na⁺ out and 1 K⁺ in
Anatomy and Physiology I | Latest Update
2026/2027
Introduction
BIOS-251 Exam 2 study materials commonly emphasize **cell
structure and transport, mitosis/meiosis, metabolism, tissue
classification, epithelial/connective tissues, membranes,
integumentary and skeletal concepts**. ([Stuvia][1])
**1.** Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing
ATP through aerobic cellular respiration?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Lysosome
C. Mitochondrion
D. Nucleolus
**Answer: C**
**2.** The plasma membrane is primarily composed of:
A. A phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
B. A carbohydrate bilayer
C. DNA and RNA
D. A triglyceride monolayer
**Answer: A**
,**3.** Which part of a phospholipid is hydrophilic?
A. Fatty acid tails
B. Phosphate-containing head
C. Cholesterol ring
D. Hydrocarbon chains
**Answer: B**
**4.** Movement of molecules from an area of higher
concentration to lower concentration is:
A. Active transport
B. Endocytosis
C. Exocytosis
D. Diffusion
**Answer: D**
**5.** Which process requires cellular ATP?
A. Simple diffusion
B. Osmosis
C. Active transport
D. Facilitated diffusion
**Answer: C**
**6.** Osmosis specifically refers to the movement of:
A. Proteins
,B. Water
C. Sodium ions
D. Glucose
**Answer: B**
**7.** Facilitated diffusion differs from simple diffusion
because facilitated diffusion:
A. Requires ATP
B. Moves substances against their gradient
C. Uses membrane proteins
D. Occurs only in the nucleus
**Answer: C**
**8.** A cell placed in a hypertonic solution will generally:
A. Gain water and swell
B. Lose water and shrink
C. Remain unchanged
D. Immediately divide
**Answer: B**
**9.** A solution with approximately the same solute
concentration as the cell is:
A. Hypertonic
B. Hypotonic
, C. Isotonic
D. Saturated
**Answer: C**
**10.** Which process allows a cell to engulf a large particle?
A. Phagocytosis
B. Osmosis
C. Filtration
D. Simple diffusion
**Answer: A**
**11.** Exocytosis involves:
A. Movement of water through aquaporins
B. Vesicles releasing substances outside the cell
C. DNA replication
D. Breakdown of glucose
**Answer: B**
**12.** The sodium-potassium pump transports:
A. 2 Na⁺ out and 3 K⁺ in
B. 3 Na⁺ out and 2 K⁺ in
C. 3 K⁺ out and 3 Na⁺ in
D. 1 Na⁺ out and 1 K⁺ in
