Chemistry
, Chemistry
1. SI Unit Conversion
Giga (G), Mega (M), Kilo (k), hecto (h), deca (da), Unit (U: meter, liter, gram), deci (d), centi
(c), milli (m), micro (µ), nano (n)
2. Scientific Notation
Example: 5000 = 5.0 x 10³
3. Important Safety Rules / WHMIS / GHS / HHPS Symbols
● WHMIS: Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (symbols for chemical
hazards in the workplace)
● GHS: Globally Harmonized System (international chemical labeling)
● HHPS: Hazardous Household Product Symbols (for household products)
4. Qualitative and Quantitative Properties
● Qualitative: Descriptive (color, texture)
● Quantitative: Measurable (mass, temperature)
5. Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter
● Physical: Color, state, melting point, boiling point
● Chemical: Flammability, reactivity
6. Density Formula (GRASS Method)
Density (D) = Mass (m) / Volume (v)
7. Particle Theory (M.A.S.T.S)
● Matter is made of particles
● All particles have spaces between them
● Same substance = same particles
● Temperature affects movement
● Strong forces hold particles together
8. Types of Mixtures
, ● Heterogeneous: Visible different parts (salad)
● Homogeneous: Uniform throughout (saltwater)
9. Types of Solutions
● Solvent: The substance that dissolves the solute
● Solute: The substance that is dissolved
● Examples: Alloys (solid), vinegar (liquid), air (gas)
10. Tyndall Effect
● Scattering of light by particles in a colloid; does not occur in solutions
11. Pure Substances
● Element: One type of atom (Oxygen)
● Compound: Two or more atoms chemically combined (Water - H2O)
12. Physical and Chemical Changes
● Physical: Change in state/appearance
● Chemical: New substance formed (color change, gas production, temperature
change, precipitate, light emission)
13. Atoms and Elements
● Atom: Basic unit of matter
● Molecule: Two or more atoms bonded
● Element: Pure substance with one type of atom
14. Atomic Structure
● Protons: Positive (+), in nucleus
● Neutrons: Neutral (0), in nucleus
● Electrons: Negative (-), orbit nucleus
15. History of the Atom
● Dalton: Solid sphere model
● Thomson: Plum pudding model (discovered electrons)
● Rutherford: Gold foil experiment (discovered nucleus)
● Bohr: Electrons in orbits
16. Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment
, Chemistry
1. SI Unit Conversion
Giga (G), Mega (M), Kilo (k), hecto (h), deca (da), Unit (U: meter, liter, gram), deci (d), centi
(c), milli (m), micro (µ), nano (n)
2. Scientific Notation
Example: 5000 = 5.0 x 10³
3. Important Safety Rules / WHMIS / GHS / HHPS Symbols
● WHMIS: Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (symbols for chemical
hazards in the workplace)
● GHS: Globally Harmonized System (international chemical labeling)
● HHPS: Hazardous Household Product Symbols (for household products)
4. Qualitative and Quantitative Properties
● Qualitative: Descriptive (color, texture)
● Quantitative: Measurable (mass, temperature)
5. Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter
● Physical: Color, state, melting point, boiling point
● Chemical: Flammability, reactivity
6. Density Formula (GRASS Method)
Density (D) = Mass (m) / Volume (v)
7. Particle Theory (M.A.S.T.S)
● Matter is made of particles
● All particles have spaces between them
● Same substance = same particles
● Temperature affects movement
● Strong forces hold particles together
8. Types of Mixtures
, ● Heterogeneous: Visible different parts (salad)
● Homogeneous: Uniform throughout (saltwater)
9. Types of Solutions
● Solvent: The substance that dissolves the solute
● Solute: The substance that is dissolved
● Examples: Alloys (solid), vinegar (liquid), air (gas)
10. Tyndall Effect
● Scattering of light by particles in a colloid; does not occur in solutions
11. Pure Substances
● Element: One type of atom (Oxygen)
● Compound: Two or more atoms chemically combined (Water - H2O)
12. Physical and Chemical Changes
● Physical: Change in state/appearance
● Chemical: New substance formed (color change, gas production, temperature
change, precipitate, light emission)
13. Atoms and Elements
● Atom: Basic unit of matter
● Molecule: Two or more atoms bonded
● Element: Pure substance with one type of atom
14. Atomic Structure
● Protons: Positive (+), in nucleus
● Neutrons: Neutral (0), in nucleus
● Electrons: Negative (-), orbit nucleus
15. History of the Atom
● Dalton: Solid sphere model
● Thomson: Plum pudding model (discovered electrons)
● Rutherford: Gold foil experiment (discovered nucleus)
● Bohr: Electrons in orbits
16. Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment
