Biology EOC Review Questions and Answers Rated A
energy needed to start a chemical reaction; lowered by
activation energy
enzymes
movement of molecules across a membrane requiring
active transport
energy to be expended by the cell
inherited characteristic that increases an organism's
adaptation
chance of survival
the ditterent forms of a gene; could be dominant or re-
allele
cessive
basic building blocks of proteins amino acid
structures that do not have a common evolutionary origin
analogous structures
but are similar in form or function
the third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome
anaphase
pairs separate and move toward opposite poles
compound that blocks the growth and reproduction of
antibiotic
bacteria
a substance produced by the body that destroys or inac-
antibody
tivates a pathogen that has entered the body
substance (usually foreign) that stimulates the production
antigen
of an antibody
domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls that
archaea
do not contain peptidoglycan
a nucleotide that stores and transfers energy within cells ATP
organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chem-
icals and use it to produce its own food; also called a autotroph
producer
domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls con-
bacteria
taining peptidoglycans
, Biology EOC Review Questions and Answers Rated A
virus that infects bacteria bacteriophage
mutation which results in the loss of nucleotide pairs in a
base deletion
gene; have a major ettect on the resulting protein
mutation which results in the addition of nucleotide pairs
base insertion
in a gene; have a major ettect on the resulting protein
a type of point mutation where one nucleotide and its
base-pair substitution
partner are replaced by another pair of nucleotides
an inherited behavior that helps an organism survive; like
behavioral adaptation
escaping from predators or find a mate
asexual reproduction in prokaryotes by which one cell
binary fission
divides into two identical cells
an unborn or unhatched vertebrate in the later stages of
development showing the main recognizable features of fetus
the mature animal
a rise in the temperature of the body fever
the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its
fitness
specific environment
a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by
food chain
eating and being eaten
a diagram that shows the feeding relationships between
food web
organisms in an ecosystem
the remains (or an impression) of a plant or animal that
existed in a past geological age and that has been exca- fossil
vated from the soil
egg or sperm sex cell that contains a single set of chro-
gamete
mosomes (haploid), one from each homologous pair
gene
energy needed to start a chemical reaction; lowered by
activation energy
enzymes
movement of molecules across a membrane requiring
active transport
energy to be expended by the cell
inherited characteristic that increases an organism's
adaptation
chance of survival
the ditterent forms of a gene; could be dominant or re-
allele
cessive
basic building blocks of proteins amino acid
structures that do not have a common evolutionary origin
analogous structures
but are similar in form or function
the third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome
anaphase
pairs separate and move toward opposite poles
compound that blocks the growth and reproduction of
antibiotic
bacteria
a substance produced by the body that destroys or inac-
antibody
tivates a pathogen that has entered the body
substance (usually foreign) that stimulates the production
antigen
of an antibody
domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls that
archaea
do not contain peptidoglycan
a nucleotide that stores and transfers energy within cells ATP
organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chem-
icals and use it to produce its own food; also called a autotroph
producer
domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls con-
bacteria
taining peptidoglycans
, Biology EOC Review Questions and Answers Rated A
virus that infects bacteria bacteriophage
mutation which results in the loss of nucleotide pairs in a
base deletion
gene; have a major ettect on the resulting protein
mutation which results in the addition of nucleotide pairs
base insertion
in a gene; have a major ettect on the resulting protein
a type of point mutation where one nucleotide and its
base-pair substitution
partner are replaced by another pair of nucleotides
an inherited behavior that helps an organism survive; like
behavioral adaptation
escaping from predators or find a mate
asexual reproduction in prokaryotes by which one cell
binary fission
divides into two identical cells
an unborn or unhatched vertebrate in the later stages of
development showing the main recognizable features of fetus
the mature animal
a rise in the temperature of the body fever
the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its
fitness
specific environment
a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by
food chain
eating and being eaten
a diagram that shows the feeding relationships between
food web
organisms in an ecosystem
the remains (or an impression) of a plant or animal that
existed in a past geological age and that has been exca- fossil
vated from the soil
egg or sperm sex cell that contains a single set of chro-
gamete
mosomes (haploid), one from each homologous pair
gene
